要删除Effects，可以在Effects controls窗口中用鼠标选中effects，然后按Delete键。（)

An appropriate title for this passage would be ______.

A．The Sonic Boom

B．Air and Its Effects

C．Faster Than Sound

D．Problems Facing Aviation Today

terary success？

A．His personal qualifies were entirely responsible for his literary success.

B．His personal qualities were primarily responsible for his literary success.

C．His personal qualities had some effects on his literary success.

D．His personal qualifies had no effects on his literary success.

n against women by private employers and by government employers:______.

A．Both private employers and government employers discriminate, with equal effects on women s earnings.

B．Both private employers and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by private employers has.a greater effect on women's earnings.

C．Both private employers and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by government employers has a greater effect on women's earnings.

D．Private employers discriminate; it is possible that government employers discriminate.

All of the following can be found in the author's discussion of climate except______.

A．an indication of the effect of an increase in water vapor in the atmosphere

B．a contrast between two theories about the effects of a lowering of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere

C．a generalization about the efficiency of meteorological recording stations

D．hypothesis about the relationship between atmospheric gases and changes in climate

A.单击鼠标右键

B.单击鼠标左键

C.双击鼠标左键

D.双击鼠标右键

ently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile, changeable thing (1)_____ to a large extent on the relationship of the color (2)_____ other colors (3)_____ simultaneously. It is not (4)_____ in its relation to the direct stimulus which (5)_____ it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give (6)_____ to color do not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination color, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to be (7)_____ in large part to the mechanism of color (8)_____.

When the eye is (9)_____ to a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the (10)_____ of the eye to color in and around the area (11)_____. This readjustment does not promptly affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the (12)_____ is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the (13)_____, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be (14)_____ its persistence in the (15)_____ viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Schouten, it appears that, at (16)_____ for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over (17)_____ time if the adapting source is moderately bright and the eye has been in (18)_____ darkness just previously. Also, (19)_____ of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become (20)_____ over the whole eye.

A．liable

B．focusing

C．typical

D．depending

future, more than half of all people will live in cities for the first time in history.

City life is not always a bad thing, but many experts worry about this process of urbanization (城市化 ). A new report says that process is having a huge effect on human health and the quality of the environment. Of the three billion people who live in cities now, the report says, about one billion live in unplanned settlements. These are areas of poverty, slums that generally lack basic services like clean water, or even permanent housing. More than 60 million people are added to cities and surrounding areas each year, mostly in slums in developing countries. The international community has been too slow to recognize the growth of urban poverty. Policy makers need to increase investments in education, health care and other areas.

The report talks about some successful efforts by local governments and community groups. For example, it says in Columbia, engineers have created a bus system that has helped reduce air pollution and improve quality of life.

The link between urban poverty and the environment is serious, but governments also need to consider why people are moving out of rural areas. Climate changes, droughts, floods—there are many reasons forcing people to leave their farm land.

The two issues of poverty reduction and the environment have existed side by side, but rarely have they connected—until now. Governments are starting to understand that environmental collapse is not a natural cost of economic development. Instead, it is hurting the possibility for growth.

The main idea of the passage is about ______.

A．urbanization and its effects

B．a huge effect of human

C．economic development

D．the environment

ng trips and so acquainted him early with the kinds of virtues (美德) such as courage and endurance, which were later reflected in his fiction (文学作品) . After high school, he worked as a newspaper reporter and then went oversea to take part in World War I. After the war he lived for several years in Paris, where he became part of a group of Americans who felt strange from their country. They considered themselves a lost generation. It was not long before he began to publish the powerful novel "The Sun Also Rises". His subjects were often war and its effects on people, or contests, such as hunting or bullfighting, which demand stamina and courage.

Hemingway's style. of writing is striking. His sentences are short, his words simple, yet they are often filled with emotion. A careful reading can show us, furthermore, that he is a master of the pause. That is, if we look closely, we see how the action of his stories continues during the silences, during the times his characters say nothing. This action is often full of meaning. There are times when the most powerful effect comes from restraint (适度). Such times occur often in Hemingway's fiction. He perfected the art of expressing emotion with few words.

The word "stamina" in the last line of paragraph 1 can most probably be replaced by______.

A．money

B．time

C．energy

D．weapon

a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists, The phrase" substance abuse" is often used instead of" drug abuse" to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.

We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses？ First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior. are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depress ants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning "mind-manifesting") because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.

Substance abuse (Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to "drug abuse" in that ______.

A．substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used

B．drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drug takers

C．alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine

D．many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous

If there were a change in the atmosphere for example, in the relative proportions of atmosphere gases the climate would probably change also. A slight increase in water vapor, for instance, would increase the hem-retaining capacity of the atmosphere and would lead to a rise in global temperatures. In contrast, a large increase, in water vapor would increase the thickness and extent of the cloud layer, reducing the mount of solar energy reaching the Earth' surface.

level of carbon dioxide, CO2, in the atmosphere has important effect on climatic change. Most of the Earth' s incoming energy is short-wavelength radiation, which tends to pass through atmospheric CO2 easily. The Earth, however, reradiates much of the received energy as a long-wavelength radiation, which CO2 absorbs and then remits toward the Earth. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, can result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet. An extreme example of the effect is shown by the Venus, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly of CO2, whose surface temperatures have been measured at 430℃. If the CO2 content of the atmosphere is reduced, the temperature falls. According to one respectable theory, if the atmospheric CO2 concentration were halved, the Earth would become completely covered with ice. Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of the C02 concentration would lead only to a reduction in global temperatures of 3℃.

If, because of au increase in forest fires or volcanic activity, the CO2 content of the atmosphere increased, a warmer climate would be produced. Plant growth, which relies on both the warmth and the availability of CO2, would probably increase. As a consequence, plants would use more and more CO2. Eventually CO2 levels would diminish and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures many plants would die; CO2 would thereby be returned to the atmosphere and gradually the temperatures would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred, there might be a long-term oscillation in the amount of CO2 present in the atmosphere, with regular temperature increases and decreases of a set magnitude.

Some climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level of CO2 in the atmosphere and has caused a global temperature rise of at least 1℃. But a supposed global temperature rise of 1℃ may in reality be only several regional temperature increases, restricted to areas where there are many meteorological stations and caused simply by shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation. Other areas, for example the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone, may be experiencing an equivalent temperature decreases that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recording stations.

The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions？

A．Why are projections of the effects of changes in water vapor levels on the climate so inaccurate？

B．What are the steps in the process that takes place as CO2 absorbs long-wavelength radiation？

C．How might our understanding of the greenhouse effect be improved if the burning of fossil fuels were decreased？

D．What might cause a series of regular increases and decreases in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere？