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Part ADirections: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80

Part A

Directions:

Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80~100 English words. You should write your abstract on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

经济全球化的主要原因

20世纪50年代初以来,经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳,其原因主要包括以下几个方面:

全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。科技革命是经济全球化发展的最根本的物质基础和动力,历史上历次科技革命都促进了社会生产力的飞跃发展,同时也促进了整个世界的融合。20世纪50年代以电子技术和信息技术等为主要标志的新的科技革命的兴起,使科技日益成为社会生产力发展的先导,成为影响生产力发展的至关重要的因素。科技知识在社会生产的各个领域中得到广泛传播和运用,劳动者的智能和技能得到进一步的开发,创造出越来越多的物质和精神财富,极大地促进了世界生产力的发展,生产社会化程度日益提高,国际分工日益深化,各国经济以此为基础紧密相连,世界经济进入一个全新的繁荣时期。同时,新科技革命使得科技成果积累的速度大大加快,新材料、新产品不断涌现,大量高技术产业不断产生,在世界范围内促进了产业结构的调整和转移,新的产业布局开始形成,以信息技术和产业为主导,以高新技术为基础的新兴产业部门也蓬勃兴起并迅速发展,快速取代了传统产业而逐渐成为经济的主导部门推进的重要动力源。

全球化的经济基础。市场经济体制的强势地位不断增强,跨国公司的突飞发展,国际经济组织的不断完善为经济全球化奠定了坚实的经济基础。

首先,市场经济体制成为世界各国发展经济的首选。20世纪80年代末至90年代初,世界形势发生了重大变化,东欧剧变,苏联解体,40多年的冷战格局最终结束。冷战结束后,国际形势总体上走向缓和。各国纷纷把发展经济列为首要目标,普遍扩大了对外开放,和平与发展成为当今时代的两大主题。前苏联和东欧国家先后走上了向市场经济过渡的轨道,改行自由市场经济,并积极致力于融入西方经济体系。中国在长期的实践中,也逐渐认识到计划经济的不足和弊端,自1978年起开始实行以市场为导向的、全面的经济改革,大力推行对外开放,努力实现同世界经济的接轨,目前已成为世界经济的重要组成部分。这一切都说明,市场经济体制已成为不同制度、不同发展层次国家的共同选择,市场经济已基本实现了全球化,经济全球化是以市场为基础的,没有市场经济就没有生产要素在国际间的自由流动,就谈不上经济全球化。

其次,力量不断壮大的跨国公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。跨国公司是以本国作为基地,通过对外直接投资,在世界各地设立分支机构和子公司,从事国际化生产和经营的企业。跨国公司凭借其雄厚的经济实力和灵活的经营战略,以全球为工厂,以它所在的各个国家为车间,在全球范围内充分利用各地的优势组织生产和流通,通过自己广泛的经营活动,实现了商品和资本等生产要素在全球范围内的整合,促进了生产在国家间的水平分工和垂直分工,使之密切联系在一起,从而为经济全球化的发展打下了坚实的微观基础,并成为经济全球化的主要推动力量和主要载体。

最后,国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。第二次世界大战结束以后,生产力的不断提高,生产力的国际化使得越来越多的商品、资本、劳动进入国际交流,各国的国际分工和相互依赖性不断增强。这种日益增强的经济联系要求突破原有的国家间的障碍,实现全球范围内的更高层次的经济合作,这就要求有超脱于国家之外的国际经济组织发挥重要作用。战后,国际经济日益明显,国际经济协作不断加强。在当今国际经济关系中,世行、世贸组织、国际货币基金组织等世界性经济组织的调节作用越来越大,而且还出现出进一步增强的趋势。世贸组织(WTO)所制定的关于贸易、投资等方面的制度和规则,成为规范全球经济运行,创造自由、公平竞争环境的统一制度和规则,作为世界金融领域的重要国际组织,即国际货币基金组织(IMF)和世界银行(WB)也在国际金融全球化进程中扮演了重要的角色。这些国际经济组织的成立使得国际贸易和国际金融运行有了统一的规则,对成员国的经贸活动和经济行为起着协调和规范作用。这些都为经济全球化的发展起着制度保障作用。

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更多“Part ADirections: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80”相关的问题

第1题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

You know you should do it, other people do it all the time. Maybe you've already done it but it wasn't very satisfying, and you'd like to learn to do it better.

I'm talking, of course, about having a business lunch.

Don't feel embarrassed if you are uncomfortable with the idea of sitting over a grilled chicken breast, talking to a prospective client.

Most inexperienced, overeager launchers believe the main purpose of a business lunch is to either (a) conduct business or (b) eat lunch, and they're unsure how to mix the two. Don't worry! Business lunches aren't about either business or lunch,

they're about building relationships.

One of my business rules is "People do business with people they like. "

Often, it's not products, prices, or the company that makes the sale—it's the person Business lunches are the perfect time for you and your client, supplier, or employee to get to know each other as people. This helps establish common interests and makes working together easier.

The single most important thing you can do at a business lunch—even more important than picking up the tab—is listen.

You don't need a particular reason to ask someone to lunch, so don't wait until for a certain occasion or issue.

Don't make it seem like lunch is going to be a sales call. Instead, try the straightforward approach, "We've been doing business together for almost a year. I'd like to take you to lunch and get to know you a little better." Or a little less straightforward, "I'm often in your area, how about having lunch sometime?"

Have the other person suggest a place to eat—"Is there a restaurant you've been wanting to try?" Or if you have a limited budget, you choose a nice mid priced restaurant. Forget McDonald's. If you're thanking someone for an important order, take them to a really special, possibly new, restaurant.

If you did the inviting, you pick up the tab, even if your guest says, "I can put this on my company's credit card." But don't have a scene arguing over the check. You can just say, "You can get the next one." Some companies have policies that don't permit employees to be treated; in that case, split the tab.

A business lunch can be viewed as successful if______.

A.good relationship is established

B.the client does not have to pay

C.the client likes the food extremely

D.business is touched upon during the lunch

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第2题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

The people who answer the phone get an endless stream of calls from people who are extremely upset that their electricity got turned off just because they failed to pay their bill for 297 months, or people asking questions like "Is it OK to operate an electric appliance while taking a bath?"

So let's say that you have a genuine problem with your electric bill. The people in "Customer Service" have no way of knowing that you're an intelligent, rational person. They're going to lump you in with the usual not-so-bright public. As far as they're concerned, the relevant facts, in any dispute between you and them, are these:

1. They have a bunch of electricity.

2. You need it.

3. So shut up.

This is why, more and more, the people in "Customer Service" won't even talk to you. They prefer to let you talk to the convenient Automatic Phone Answering System until such a time as you die of old age "... If your FIRST name has more than eight letters, and your LAST name begins with 'H' through 'L' press 251 NOW. If your first name has LESS than eight letters, and your last name contains at least two 'E' s, press 252 NOW. If your..."

So is there any way that you, the lowly consumer, can gain the serious attention of a large and powerful business? I am pleased to report that there IS a way, which I found out about thanks to an alert reader who sent me a news report from Russia. According to this report, a Russian electric company got into a dispute with a customer and cut off the customer's electricity. This customer, however, happened to be a unit of the Russian Army. So the commander ordered a tank to drive over to the electric company's office and aim its gun at the windows. The electricity was turned right back on.

On behalf of consumers everywhere, I want to kiss this military commander on the lips. I mean, what a GREAT concept. Imagine, as a consumer, how much more seriously your complaint would he taken if you were complaining from inside a vehicle capable of reducing the entire "Customer Service" department to tiny smoking pieces. What I am saying is: Forget the Automated Phone Answering System. Get a tank.

Perhaps you are thinking: "But a tank costs several million dollars, not including floor mats. I don't have that kind of money."

Don't be silly. You're a consumer, right? You have credit cards, right?

Perhaps you are thinking: "Yes, but how am I going to pay the credit-card company?"

Don't be silly. You have a tank, right?

From the first paragraph we may infer that ______.

A.the people who answer the phone are really very busy

B.some people don't know how to turn off electricity

C.some people don't know how to operate an electric appliance

D.some people are ignorant of their ridiculous behavior

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第3题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Americans are now flying the crowded, cranky skies. Flight delays in January were the worst for that month since 1999. Weather is always the primary cause of delays. Add to that the US Airways Christmas baggage meltdown and Comair's computer failure, the combination of which left hundreds of thousands of fliers stranded at airports.

But airline employees see a deeper reason for both the increase in delays and passenger complaints: a demoralized and frustrated workforce that's being asked to do more even as it's getting paid lass.

The airlines and unions are quick to praise their workers for rising to the challenge during these very difficult times, as well as for carrying the brunt of the cost cutting. But unease is growing within the ranks. And passengers have noticed. For instance, some of the so-called older carriers now require gate agents to clean the planes as well as check people in. So some passengers have found themselves without a customer-service agent to talk to until just before the plane leaves. Pilots find themselves stuck at the gate because their Crew of flight attendants has already worked as long as the FAA would allow them to. "They've cut employees to such a degree that they don't have enough employees to do the job and serve the customers properly", says one pilot.

The major airlines contend that's not the case at all. Jeff Green, a spokesman for United Airlines, says the major carriers have shrunk significantly since 9/11. While there are far fewer employees, the airline also has far fewer flights. He also notes that United has had its best on-time performance in the past two years and that internal gauges of customer satisfaction are up. "What our employees are going through is not having an effect on our customer service", says Mr. Green. Employees on the front line tell a different story. "They're just closing the doors and releasing the brake so they can report an on-time departure, when in reality they may still be loading cargo for 30 minutes".

Aviation experts contend that if that's the case, the major airlines may find even more challenges ahead. As their fare structures and prices come closer to those of the successful low-cost carriers, customer service will become even more crucial in determining which airlines succeed. "The way you're treated on the plane speaks a lot as to whether you'll fly that airline again", says Helane Becker, an airline analyst. "It's not the be-all and end-all. It's not going to put an airline out of business. But it's not going to help it a lot either if they're already in trouble".

Airline delays may result in

A.Christmas baggage meltdown.

B.the sharp reduction of flights.

C.airline companies' bankruptcy.

D.the interruption of passenger flow.

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第4题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?....When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?" "And Paul—why didn't pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.

Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You're a lucky dog." That's being friendly. But "lucky dog"? There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the "dog" bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.

"Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for," is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice?

His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake.

This passage is mainly about______.

A.how to interpret what people say

B.what to do when you listen to others talking

C.how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people

D.why we go wrong with people sometimes

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第5题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Retailers are looking at bigger sales numbers for digital television sets this Christmas sea son, boosting the spirits of federal regulators and the industry. Government and industry analysts alike have worried that this nation of TV viewers is shifting its gaze too slowly to digital from old-fashioned analog sets.

Yet almost 7 million digital television, or DTV, sets will be sold this year, according to the Consumer Electronics Association, a trade group for manufacturers and retailers. Roughly 3 million of these sets will be sold during the last three months of the year.

Independent groups also predict a big sales spike.

Homes in the United States will have 12.1 million high-definition or HDTV sets—the most sophisticated form. of DTV sets—by the end of the year, compared with 7 million at the end of 2003, according to the Yankee Group, a Boston technology research outfit.

HDTVs have accounted for the vast majority of about 13 million digital televisions sold since the fall of 1998.

"The numbers are very encouraging. We believe consumers are embracing this technology," says Jenny Miller, the Consumer Electronics Association's spokeswoman.

A boost in sales of digital televisions will be welcome news for major retailers anxiously watching the Christmas shopping season that began yesterday. Many national retailers lured customers into their stores with extra-early hours and deep discounts.

DTV sets still sell behind traditional analog sets. Almost 22 million analog sets are expected to be sold this year, outpacing even the rosiest predictions for DTV sales.

Until recently, consumers who wanted to buy DTV experienced sticker shock. When the sets first reached the market in the late 1990s, they cost several thousand dollars, turning off many consumers.

Now, prices for basic DTV sets generally start at about $500. HDTV sets offer the best-quality picture and sound and can cost as much as $15,000, according to Consumer Reports, published by the nonprofit Consumers Union advocacy group.

"You're talking about a couple of hundred dollars at the very least, unless you go for a flat panel or plasma screen, in which case you're talking thousands of dollars," says Aditya Kishore, senior analyst for the Yankee Group.

In addition to falling prices, analysts credit the sales boost for DTV to an increase in the number of programs broadcast in digitally compatible "high definition" as well as a government-led consumer education campaign.

From the beginning of the text, we can learn that

A.the country has popularly accepted digital TVs.

B.the retailers have a bad sale of DTVs except Christmas.

C.the viewers still pay more money on old-fashioned TV sets.

D.the government and industry are upset by the present market situation of DTVs.

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第6题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

The biggest demonstration in a generation is being assembled by mobilizing the power of the web, which allows anti-war groups to rally multitudes at the click of a mouse. Cornish speakers for peace can share ideas by e-mail with Rhodes Scholars Against the War while taking into account the sensitivities of the Young Muslim Sisters. Footsore ban-the-bomb veterans such as Tony Myers of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, busily preparing yesterday for the mass protest, can only marvel at the power of the net.

"It's made a massive difference," he said. "Back in the 1980s when we were trying to organize huge demos it was all about going to meetings and sending mail to regional people. I was a volunteer before the 1983 demonstration which attracted 400,000 marchers. The office was just awash with people printing things on old duplicators. People today feel more like they are part of a big movement. In the 1980s, we would read about demos all over the world a few days later in the newspapers. Now you know all the details in advance if you are on the e-mail list. The Stop the War Coalition needs only a handful of headquarters staff because the website is a virtual campaign group in itself, complete with briefings, news, addresses and artwork.

Children's superior mastery of the internet is reflected in the proliferation of youth groups opposing war. The Woodcraft Folk (a sort of pacifist version of the Scouts) announce that they will be bringing an orange parachute on the march. The Engels-Marx Communist Party (slogan "Resist and Revolt") is a group of pupils at a Leicester comprehensive school opposing the war. The entire country is covered from the Aberdeen Students Against War Society to Torbay Stop the War group.

Anti-war campaigners put leaflets, maps, posters and petitions on their websites for supporters to print, stick in their window or hand out at the march. Stop the War Coalition includes a direct- debit form. which supporters can download and send to their bank manager to make donations.

Message boards are filled with anti-war protesters arguing their case. The issue is being exploited by the British National Party, which has posted a self-serving press release proclaiming support for the march because of their concerns over "the power of the Israeli lobby". Anti-war individuals have been e-mailing friends with songs for the march, one to the tune of If You're Happy and You Know It. The internet was created in the 1960s partly by the Advanced Research Project Agency of the US Department of Defense. It is widely said to have been created in order to send military messages after an atomic war.

The example in the first paragraph is used to show the demonstrators ______.

A.share the similar goals with one another

B.need to compromise with one another

C.can not really co-operate due to geographic isolations

D.get in touch with one other easily on internet

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第7题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. (40 points)

Text 1

We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen? .... When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?" "And Paul—why didn't pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it' s too late.

Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don' t really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You' re a lucky dog." That' s being friendly. But "lucky dog?" There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the "dog" bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that the doesn't think you deserve your luck.

"Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for," is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn’t important. It' s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven' t got a date for Saturday night.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone' s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice?

His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake.

21. This passage is mainly about______.

A) how to interpret what people say

B) what to do when you listen to others talking

C) how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people

D) why we go wrong with people sometimes

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第8题

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following in

Part A

Directions: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)

Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to

1) congratulate him/her, and

2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

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第9题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Only two animals have entered the human household otherwise than as prisoners and become domesticated by other means than those of enforced servilities: the dog and the cat. Two things they have in common, namely, that both belong to the order of carnivores and both serve man in their capacity of hunters.

In all other characteristics, above all in the manner of their association with man, they are as different as the night from the day. There is no domestic animal which has so rapidly altered its whole way of living, indeed its whole sphere of interests, that has become domestic in so true a sense as the dog; and there is no animal that, in the course of its century old association with man, has altered so little as the cat. There is some truth in the assertion that the cat, with the exception of a few luxury breeds, such as Angoras, Persians and Siamese, is no domestic animal but a completely wild being. Maintaining its full independence it has taken up its abode in the houses and outhouses of man, for the simple reason that there are more mice they're than elsewhere: The whole charm of the dog lies in the depth of the friendship and the strength of the spiritual ties with which he has bound himself to man, but the appeal of the cat lies in the very fact that she has formed no close bond with him, that she has the uncompromising independence of a tiger or a leopard while she is hunting in his stables and barns; that she still remain mysterious and remote when she is rubbing herself gently against the legs of her mistress or purring contentedly in front of the fire.

The purring cat is, for me, a symbol of the heart side and the hidden security, which it stands for. I should no more like to be without a cat, in my home than to be without the dog that trots behind me in field or street, since my earliest youth I have always had dogs and cats about me. Business like friends have advised me to write a dog book and a cat book separately, because dog lovers often dislike cats and cat lovers frequently abhor dogs. But I consider, it the finest test of genuine love and understanding of animals if a person has sympathies for both these creatures, and can appreciate in each its own special virtue.

Cats, according to the author, ______.

A.are not domestic animals at all

B.are fiercer than dogs

C.are both meek and independent

D.can sometimes be very hostile to people

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第10题

Part ADirections :Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by' ch

Part A

Directions :

Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by' choosing A, B, Cor D. Mark your answers on,ANSWER SHEET1.

Text 1

Whenever Catherine Brown, a 37-year-old journalist, and her friends, professionals in their 30s and early 40s, meet at a London cafe, their favorite topic of conversation is relationships: men's reluctance to commit, women's independence, and when to have children-or, increasing-Iy, whether to have them at all. "With the years passing my chances of having a child go down, but I won't marry anyone just to have a child," says Brown. To people like Brown, babies are great-if the timing is right. But they're certainly not essential.

In much of the world, having kids is no longer a given. "Never before has childlessness been an understandable decision for women and men in so many societies," says Frank Hakim at the London School of Economics. Young people are extending their child-free adulthood by postponing children until they are well into their 30s, or even 40s and beyond.

A growing share are ending up with no children at all. Lifetime childlessness in western Germany has hit 30 percent among university-educated women, and is rapidly rising among lower-classmen. In Britain, the number of women remaining childless has doubled in 20 years.

The latest trend of childlessness does not follow historic patterns. For centuries it was not unusual for a quarter of European women to remain childless. But in the past,childlessness was usually the product of poverty or disaster, of missing men in times of war. Today the decision to have-or not have-a child is the result of a complex combination of factors, including relationships, career opportunities, lifestyle. and economics.

In some cases childlessness among women can be seen as a quiet form. of protest. In Japan, support for working mothers hardly exists. Child care is expensive, men don't help out, and some companies strongly discourage mothers from returning to work. "In Japan, it's career or child,"says writer Kaori Haishi . It's not just women who are deciding against children; according to a re-cent study, Japanese men are even less inclined to marry or want a child. Their motivations, though, may have more to do with economic factors.

46. Catherine Brown and her friends feel that having children is not _________

[ A] totally wise

[ B] a huge problem

[ C] a rational choice

[ D ] absolutely necessary

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