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[主观题]

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Recent stories in the newspapers an

d magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.

Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.

Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.

As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professor unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.

The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.

第31题:What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?

A) It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.

B) Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.

C) Research can never be emphasized too much.

D) The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.

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更多“Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Recent stories in the newspapers an”相关的问题

第1题

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The method for making beer has chang

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花),for example, which give many a modem beer its bitter flavor, are a (26)_______ recent addition to the beverage. This was first mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a (27)_______ingredient in residue (残留物)from 5,000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While digging two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The different shapes of the containers (28)_______ they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest (29_______ evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To (30)_______ that theory, the team examined the yellowish, dried (31)_______ inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦),and about 10% were bits of roots, (32)_______lily,which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn&39;t become a (33)_______food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have (34)_______ in the region not as food, but as (35)_______material for beer brewing.

A) Arrived

B) consuming

C) direct

D) exclusively

E) including

F) inform

G) raw

H) reached

I) relatively

J) remains

K)resources

L) staple

M) suggest

N) surprising

O) test

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第2题

词汇理解:Physical activity does the body good, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)2016年6月大学英语四级卷1真题及答案

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Physical activity does the body good, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own,26to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a27of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic28, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school,29in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.

The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S.31in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood33to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve35and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they're running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.

A)attendance

B)consequently

C)current

D)depressing

E)dropping

F)essential

G)feasible

H)flow

I)mood

J)mutually

K)particularly

L)performance

M)review

N)survive

O)tend

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第3题

The following scenario relates to questions 1–5.Aphrodite Co has a year end of 31 December

The following scenario relates to questions 1–5.

Aphrodite Co has a year end of 31 December and operates a factory which makes computer chips for mobile phones. It purchased a machine on 1 July 20X3 for $80,000 which had a useful life of ten years and is depreciated on the straight-line basis, time apportioned in the years of acquisition and disposal. The machine was revalued to $81,000 on 1 July 20X4. There was no change to its useful life at that date.

A fire at the factory on 1 October 20X6 damaged the machine leaving it with a lower operating capacity. The accountant considers that Aphrodite Co will need to recognise an impairment loss in relation to this damage. The accountant has ascertained the following information at 1 October 20X6:

(1) The carrying amount of the machine is $60,750.

(2) An equivalent new machine would cost $90,000.

(3) The machine could be sold in its current condition for a gross amount of $45,000. Dismantling costs would amount to $2,000.

(4) In its current condition, the machine could operate for three more years which gives it a value in use figure of $38,685.

In accordance with IAS 16 Property, Plant and Equipment, what is the depreciation charged to Aphrodite Co’s profit or loss in respect of the machine for the year ended 31 December 20X4?

A.$9,000

B.$8,000

C.$8,263

D.$8,500

What is the total impairment loss associated with Aphrodite Co’s machine at 1 October 20X6?A.$nil

B.$17,750

C.$22,065

D.$15,750

The accountant has decided that it is too difficult to reliably attribute cash flows to this one machine and that it would be more accurate to calculate the impairment on the basis of the factory as a cash-generating unit.

In accordance with IAS 36, which of the following is TRUE regarding cash generating units?

A.A cash-generating unit to which goodwill has been allocated should be tested for impairment every five years

B.A cash-generating unit must be a subsidiary of the parent

C.There is no need to consistently identify cash-generating units based on the same types of asset from period to period

D.A cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable group of assets for which independent cash flows can be identified

On 1 July 20X7, it is discovered that the damage to the machine is worse than originally thought. The machine is now considered to be worthless and the recoverable amount of the factory as a cash-generating unit is estimated to be $950,000.

At 1 July 20X7, the cash-generating unit comprises the following assets:

The following scenario relates to questions 1–5.Ap

In accordance with IAS 36, what will be the carrying amount of Aphrodite Co’s plant and equipment when the impairment loss has been allocated to the cash-generating unit?

A.$262,500

B.$300,000

C.$237,288

D.$280,838

IAS 36 Impairment of Assets contains a number of examples of internal and external events which may indicate the impairment of an asset.

In accordance with IAS 36, which of the following would definitely NOT be an indicator of the potential impairment of an asset (or group of assets)?

A.An unexpected fall in the market value of one or more assets

B.Adverse changes in the economic performance of one or more assets

C.A significant change in the technological environment in which an asset is employed making its software effectively obsolete

D.The carrying amount of an entity’s net assets being below the entity’s market capitalisation

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析,谢谢!

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第4题

阅读:Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set.News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast.

How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people,the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago,communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America.This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, or fight, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have died if news had come in time.In the past,communication took much time than it does now.

There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger than it does today.

31. News spreads fast because of____.

A.modern transportation B.new technology C.the change of the world D.a peace agreement 

32. According to this passage,____is very important to people in a disaster area.

A.fast communication B.modern technology C.latest news D.new ideas 

33. Which of the following statements is true?

A.The world now seems smaller because of faster communication.

B.The world is actually smaller today.

C.The world is changing its size.

D. The distance between England and America has changed since the War of 1812 

34. Two hundred years ago,news between the continents was carried____.

A.by telephone and telegraph B.by land C.by air D.by sea 

35. The New Orleans Battle could have been avoided if the peace agreement had been signed____.

A.by both sides B.in time C.in America D.in England 

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第5题

Scientists around the world are racing to learn how to rapidly diagnose, treat and stop th
e spread of a new, deadly disease. SARS—Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome—was 【31】______ for the first time in February 2003 in Hanoi, 【32】______ since then has infected more than 1,600 people in 15 countries, killing 63. At this 【33】______ , there are more questions than answers surrounding the disease. Symptoms start 【34】______ a fever over 100.4 degrees F, chills, headache or body 【35】______. Within a week, the patient has a dry cough, which might 【36】______ to shortness of breath. In 10% to 20% of cases, patients require 【37】______ ventilation to breathe. About 3.5% die from the disease. Symptoms 【38】______ begin in two to seven days, but some reports suggest it 【39】______ take as long as 10 days. Scientists are close to 【40】______ a lab test to diagnose SARS. In the meantime, it is diagnosed by its symptoms. There is no evidence 【41】______ antibiotics or anti-viral medicines help, 【42】______ doctors can offer only supportive care. Patients with SARS are kept in isolation to reduce the risk of 【43】______ . Scientists aren't sure yet, but some researchers think it's a 【44】______ discovered corona virus, the family of viruses that cause some common colds. Most cases appear to have been passed 【45】______ droplets expelled when infected patients cough or sneeze. Family members of infected people and medical workers who care 【46】______ them have been most likely to 【47】______ the illness. But recent developments in Hong Kong suggest that the 【48】______ might spread through air, or that the virus might 【49】______ for two to three hours on doorknobs or other 【50】______ . Health experts say it is unlikely, though, that sharing an elevator briefly with an infected person would be enough to pass the virus.

A.detected

B.caught

C.disclosed

D.revealed

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第6题

阅读题:A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pattern of distribution in the future

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pattern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, control floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; and in consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 1925 there were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the century there may well be over 4,000 million.

When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought under cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some areas the accessible land is so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farming methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industrial occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern methods.

There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the output of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of crops are being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; irrigation and dry-farming methods bring arid lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water for the fields in all seasons and to provide electric power for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to suit particular soils; aeroplanes spray crops to destroy locusts and many plant diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the food of the world.

31. The author says that the world population is growing because _____.

A) there are many rich valleys and fertile plains

B) the pattern of distribution is being altered

C) people are living longer

D) new land is being brought under cultivation

32. The author says that in densely populated areas the land might be more productively farmed if _____.

A) the plots were subdivided

B) a large part of the people moved to a different part of the country

C) industrial methods were used in farming

D) the units of land were made much larger

33. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by _____.

A) producing new strains of crops

B) irrigation and dry-farming methods

C) providing fertilizers

D) destroying pests and disease

34. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word "strains"?

A) types B) sizes

C) seeds D) harvests

35. The author's main purpose is to _____.

A) argue for a belief B) describe a phenomenon

C) entertain D) propose a conclusion

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第7题

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.One in six. Believe it or not, that’

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

One in six. Believe it or not, that’s the number of Americans who struggle with hunger.

To make tomorrow a little better, Feeding America, the nation’s largest 36 hunger-

relief organization, has chosen September as Hunger Action Month. As part of its 30 Ways in

30 Days program, it’s asking 37 across the country to help the more than 200 food

banks and 61,000 agencies in its network provide low-income individuals and families with

the fuel they need to 38 .

It’s the kind of work that’s done every day at St. Andrew’s Episcopal Church in San

Antonio. People who 39 at its front door on the first and third Thursdays of each

month aren’t looking for God – they’re there for something to eat. St. Andrew’s runs a

food pantry (食品室)that 40 the city and several of the 41 towns. Janet Drane

is its manager.

In the wake of the 42 , the number of families in need of food assistance began to

grow. It is 43 that 49 million Americans are unsure of where they will find their next

meal. What’s most surprising is that 36% of them live in 44 where at least one adult

is working. “It used to be that one job was all you needed,” says St. Andrew’s Drane. “

The people we see now have three or four part-time jobs and they’re still right on the

edge 45 .” 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。

A.accumulate I.households

B.circling J.recession

C.communities K.reported

D.competition L.reviewed

E.domestic M.serves

F.financially N.surrounding

G.formally O.survive

H.gather

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第8题

Questions are based on the following passage.In fact, even without humans, the Earth"s cl

Questions are based on the following passage.

In fact, even without humans, the Earth"s climate changes.Some climate change is(36)But,as greenhouse gases are added to the atmosphere, human influence "emerges" from natural variability.Droughts, one of the most Intensely studied climate events, are a perfect example of an(37)with both natural and human influences.Separating the(38)strengths of the influences is a challengefor scientists.However, with the large social and economic costs of droughts, it is a challenge thescientists must(39).

In a very recent study published in the Journal of Climate, authors Richard Seager and MartinHoerling cleverly used climate models forced by sea surface temperatures to(40)how much of thepast century"s North American droughts have been caused by ocean temperatures, natural variability and human influences.

Droughts can be caused by a (n)(41)of separate or interactional phenomena.At its root,drought results from the low(42)of water falling and sometimes higher temperatures (which increaseevaporation rates).The beginning of drought can often be linked to variations in ocean temperatures.

It is also found that the oceans can affect the atmosphere to create conditions that are(43)responsible for drought.What"s more, temperature increases(44)withhuman-driven global warmingalso play a role.This(45)agrees with other researchers who have shown that, while human-emittedgreenhouse gas warming may not cause a particular drought, it can make drought come on earlier,faster, and harder than it otherwise would.

A.associated

B.attached

C.conclusion

D.conduct

E.distinguish

F.effect

G.natural

H.Partly

I.Quality

J.Quantity

K.Relative

L.Ridiculous

M.Simply

N.Undertake

O.variety

第(36)题应填__________ 查看材料

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第9题

Questions are based on the following passage. Children do not think the way adults do.For

Questions are based on the following passage.

Children do not think the way adults do.For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight, it"s out of mind.If you cover a baby"s(36)toy with a piece of cloth, the baby thinks the toyhas disappeared and stops looking for it.A 4-year-old may(37)that a sister has more fruit juicewhen it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the(38)of juice.

Yet children are smart in their own way.Like good little scientists, children are always testing their child-sized(39)about how things work.When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her, and you say, "That"s enough! I will not pick up your spoon again!"

the child will(40)test your claim.Are you serious? Are you angry? What will happen if she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you(41); rather, she is learning that her desires and yours can differ, and that sometimes those(42 )are important and sometimes they are not.

How and why does children"s thinking change? In the 1920s, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children"s cognitive (认知的) abilities unfold(43), like the blooming of a flower,almost independent of what else is(44)in their lives.Although many of his specific conclusions havebeen(45)or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thousands of studies by investigators all over the world.

A.advocate

B.amount

C.confirmed

D.crazy

E.definite

F.differences

G.favorite

H.happening

I.Immediately

J.Naturally

K.Obtaining

L.Primarily

M.Protest

N.Rejected

O.Theories

第(36)题

查看材料

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第10题

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: How men first learned

Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words.

The power of words, then, lies in their combinations — the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and feelings. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary (文字的) style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and rude.

第6题:The origin of language ________.

A. is reflected in sounds and letters B. is handed down from generation to generation C. dates back to the prehistoric period D. is a problem not yet solved

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