Twenty-five years ago most women（）.

as been a remarkable shortening of the time of woman's life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman's youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty years and is likely to take paid work until retirement, at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by modem living conditions.

This important change in women's life pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first chance, and most of them took a full time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen. Many girls stay at school after that age, and though women usually marry younger, more married women stay at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more afterwards return to fuller part-time job. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the house, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.

6. According to the passage, around the year 1900 most women married ____.

A. at about twenty-five

B. in their early fifties

C. as soon as possible after they were fifteen

D. at any age from fifteen to forty-five

7. We are told that in a common family in 1890s _____.

A. seven or eight children lived to be more man five

B. many children died before they were five

C. the youngest children would be fifteen

D. four or five children died when they were five

8. When she was over fifty, the late nineteenth century mother ____.

A. would be healthy enough to take paid jobs

B. was usually expected to die fairly soon

C. was unlikely to find a job if she wanted one

D. would expect to work till she died

9. According to the passage, the women of today usually____.

A. marry instead of getting paid work

B. marry before they are twenty-five

C. have more children under fifteen

D. have too few children

10. The best title for this passage is____.

A. Women’s Life

B. The Change of Women's life

C. Women's Marriage

D. Women's New Life

e problem.One of these，for example，was the great Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci(达·芬奇).In the sixteenth century he made designs for machines that would fly.But they were never built.Throughout history, other less famous men have wanted to fly.An example was a man in England 800 years ago.He made a pair of wings from chicken feathers.Then he fixed them to his body and jumped into the air from a tall building.He did not fly very far.Instead，he fell to the ground and broke every bone in his body.

The first real steps took place in France, in 1783.Two brothers, the Montgolfiers, made a very large “hot air balloon”.They knew that hot air rises.Why not fill a balloon with it？The balloon was made of cloth and paper.In September of that year，the King and Queen of France came to see the balloon.They watched it carry the very first air passengers into the sky.The passengers were a sheep and a chicken.We do not know how they felt about the trip.But we do know that the trip lasted eight minutes and that the animals landed safely.Two months later，two men did the same thing.They rose above Paris in a balloon of the same kind.Their trip lasted twenty-five minutes and they travelled about eight kilometers.

26.Leonardo da Vinci ______ .

A.said that man would fly in the sky one day

B.built a kind of machine which never flew

C.drew many beautiful pictures of birds

D.made designs for flying machine

27.Eight hundred years ago an Englishman ______ .

A.made a kind of flying machine

B.tried to fly with wings made of chicken feather

C.wanted to build a kind of balloon

D.tried to fly on a large bird

28.In fact，the Englishman who tried to fly ______ .

A.lost his life

B.flew only 8minutes

C.got badly wounded

D.succeeded in flying

29.The very first air passengers in the balloon were ______.

A.two animals

B.two Frenchmen

C.the King and the Queen

D.the Montgolfiers

30.When did two Frenchmen rise above Paris？______

A.In December 1783.

B.In September 1783.

C.In November 1783.

D.In the seventeenth century.

r lived about a mile down the road and needed help cutting grass. It was the first time I was actually paid for work -- about 12 cents an hour, not bad when you consider it was 1939 ,a time when there was little business activity.

Mr. Ingram liked the job I did and ended up hiring me to dig potatoes. I even helped when a baby cow was being born.

One day he found an old truck that was stuck in the soft, sandy soil of the melon (瓜) field. It was full of melons that someone had tried to steal before their truck got stuck.

Mr. Ingram explained that the truck's owner would be returning soon, and he wanted me to watch and learn. It wasn't long before a man from a nearby village, who had a terrible reputation (名声) for fighting and stealing, showed up with his two full-grown sons. They looked very angry.

Calmly Mr. Ingram said, "Well, I see you want to buy some watermelons."

There was a long silence before the man answered," Yeah, I guess so. What are you getting for them？"

"Twenty-five cents each."

"Well, I guess that would be fair enough if you help me get my truck out of here."

It turned out to be our biggest sale of the summer, and an unpleasant, perhaps unfortunate, incident had been prevented. After they left, Mr. Ingram smiled and said to me," Son, if you don't for give (原谅) your enemies, you're going to run out of friends. "

Mr. Ingram died a few years later, but I have never forgotten him or what he taught me on my first job.

Which of the following best explains "ended up" as is used in the passage？

A．enjoyed

B．finished

C．got into

D．went on

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: Relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, aster a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.

What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wife's previous marriage, or the husband's, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses.

Thus, one can find the very type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with "full-time" children from the present marriage and "part-time" children from former marriages. There are step-fathers, step-mothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: Most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.

By calling Americans marrying people the author means that______.

A．Americans are more traditional than Europeans

B．Americans expect more out of marriage than Europeans

C．there are more married couples in U. S. A than in Europe

D．more of Americans, as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age

What do you think of the judge after reading the passage？

A．He was foolish.

B．He was clever.

C．He was neither foolish nor clever.

D．He was kind enough to give the woman twenty-five cents.

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

More than a hundred years ago, before the Civil War, a crew of cowboys stood outside a large horse corral. With them was their boss Bradford Grimes, a cattleman, who owned a large South Texas ranch near the Gulf of Mexico.

Just then, Mrs. Grimes, the cattleman's wife, came to the ranch house door and cried out, "Bradford! Bradford! Those Blacks are worth a thousand dollars apiece. One might get killed". The cowboys laughed, but they knew she was telling the truth. For they were all Black slaves. Bradford Grimes was their owner.

Most of the first Black cowboys were slaves, brought by their masters from the old South. On the plantations in the South, the slaves cut cotton. On the ranches in Texas they had to learn a new trade—breaking horses and handling long-horns. Some were taught by Mexican vaqueros, some by Indiana who knew the ways of horses and cattle.

Grimes was only one of hundreds of slave-owning ranchers who ran cattle in Texas. The ranchers had brought their families and slaves from Mississippi, Georgia, and other southern states. They came on horseback, on foot, and in wagons.

Some ranchers settled near the Mexican border, but there they found that it was too easy for their slaves to escape. Even slaves as far north as Austin, the capital of Texas, came to think of Mexico as the Promised Land. As early as 1845, the year that Texas became a state, a Texas newspaper reported the escape of twenty-five Blacks. "They were mounted on some of the best horses that could be found, "the story said, "and several of them were well armed". Thousands of other Black slaves escaped in the same way.

All-Black cattle crews were common throughout central and eastern Texas. There were even a few free Blacks who owned ranches before the Civil War. Aaron Ashworth was one of them, and he owned 2,500 cattle, as well as some slaves of his own. He employed a White schoolmaster to tutor his children. Black cowboys helped to tame and settle a wild country.

Most of the first Black slaves that became cowboys ______.

A．had been brought to Texas by their owners from the old south

B．came on their own to look for the promised land

C．came from ranches in Mexico looking for work on Texas cattle ranches

D．came from Africa

Passage Two

"Yes, I'll be ready at nine in the morning. Goodbye, dear, and thanks again. "It had not been an easy telephone call for Mrs. Robson to make. Her daughter had been very kind, of course, and had immediately agreed to pick her up and drive her to the station, but Mrs. Robson hated to admit (承认) that she needed help. Since her husband had died ten years before, she had prided herself on her independence (独立生活 ). She had continued to live in their little house, alone.

On this evening, however, she was standing at her living-room window, staring out at the SOLD notice in the small front garden. Her feelings were mixed. Naturally she was sad at the thought of leaving the house, as it was full of so many memories. But at the same time she was looking forward to spending her last years near the sea, back in the little seaside town where she had been born. With the money from the sale (出售) of the house, she had bought a little flat there.

She turned from the living room window, and looked round at the room. One or two pieces of furniture remained, covered with sheets (被单). The floor was bare boards, and all her pictures had been taken from the walls. There was a small fish-tank, with two goldfish circling in it. When asked why, her husband used to say, "It's nice to have something alive in the room." Since he had passed away, she had always kept some goldfish, had always had "something alive in the room".

Tim next morning, as her train was pulling out of the station, Mrs. Robson called to her daughter, "Kate, you won't forget to collect the goldfish, will you？ The children will love them. It's...""I know," Kate interrupted (打断) gently. "It's nice to have something alive in the room."

But in the little house, the two goldfish had stopped their circling. They were floating (漂浮) on the water, in the room with its bare boards and silent walls.

40. Mrs. Robson ______.

A. was a very proud person

B. was helpless

C. did not like asking people for favors

D. wanted to live without her husband

You might ask, what is Chinglish, anyway？ It depends on whom you ask. Chinese parents raising their children in English-speaking countries will probably answer: Chinglish is a useful mix of standard Chinese or Cantonese terms with day-to-day English. It is indeed convenient to shorten a sentence such as “I don’t want to go now because it is too hot and it will be hard to find a parking lot anyway” into “Don’t go la, hot la, tai mafan la.” For the Chinese high-school teacher, Chinglish is the students’ unsuccessful attempts to understand English in a Chinese way, resulting in sentences such as “Please hurry to walk or we’ll be late” or “She is very miserable and her heart broke.” However, the English-speaking traveler more frequently comes across Chinglish in the form. of public signs. No matter how one looks at the phenomenon, one thing is clear: Chinglish is not a language. Chinglish might be found, according to some scholars, in Chinese Pidgin (混杂语) English, which came to life in the eighteenth century when the British set up their first trading posts in Guangzhou. The term came from the word “business” and served, according to the great Yale China scholar Jonathan Spencer, “to keep the differing communities in touch, by mixing words from Portuguese, Indian, English, and various Chinese dialects, and spelling them according to Chinese grammar.” Some believe that expressions like “Long time no see” or “No can do” appeared during that time. Others refer to the late Qing-Dynasty Empress Dowager Cixi, who forced Chinese villagers to live and work in the West in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Another possibility is the so-called Yangjingbang , a mix of English and Chinese in the time of Lu Xun, China’s greatest twentieth-century writer. Very influential, too, are the large numbers of people from China to the United States, who came from the Gold Rush time to the last twenty-five years since the beginning of China’s policy of Reform. and Opening. No matter which theory one prefers, two things are certain: first, Chinglish exists because people move, and second, as a language phenomenon (现象), it is almost new. Although most Chinglish expressions are widely regarded as mistakes, occasionally some are found enjoyable. Such errors will not die, as they keep coming all the more in our time, largely thanks to the Internet.

1.According to the passage, Chinglish is regarded as useful by ______.

A.some western scholars

B.English-speaking travelers

C.Chinese high-school teachers

D.Chinese parents in English-speaking countries

2. The second paragraph mainly discusses ______.

A.why Chinglish became popular

B.how Chinglish came into being

C.who invented the term “Chinglish”

D.where Chinglish was most popular

3.According to Jonathan Spencer, Pidgin English serves to ______.

A.force Chinese villagers to learn English

B.overcome language difficulties in business

C.help peoples communicate with each other

D.enlarge the vocabulary of the Chinese language

4. According to the passage, Yangjingbang (Line 11, Paragraph 2) is ______.

A.a kind of Chinglish

B.an influential language

C.a mix of any two languages

D.a language in Lu Xun’s time

5.The author’s attitude towards Chinglish can be described as ______.

A.critical

B.objective

C.emotional

D.supportive

A.AgCl/Ag

B.AgBr/Ag

C.AgI/Ag

D.Ag⁺/Ag

ght with him. A few meters away, there was a small shop by the side of the road where a woman was frying fish and selling it to travelers. The woman watched the poor traveler carefully, and when he finished his food and began to go, she shouted rudely, "You have not paid me for the fried fish？

"But I have not had any fried fish!" he said.

"But everyone can see that you enjoyed the smell of my fried fish with your rice and veg- etables," said the woman, "If you had not smelled the fish, your meal would not have been so pleasant !"

Soon a crowd collected, and although they supported the poor traveler, they had to ad- mit that wind was blowing from the shop to the place where he had eaten, and that it had carried the smell of the fried fish to him.

Finally, the woman took the poor traveler to a judge, who said, "The woman says that the traveler ate his meal with the smell of her fried fish. The traveler agrees that the wind was blowing the smell of her fried fish to his nose while he was eating, so he must pay for it." "What does your fried fish cost？" he asked the woman.

"Twenty-five cents a plate," she answered delighted.

"Then go outside together," said the judge. "There the traveler must hold up a twenty five-cent piece so that a shadow(影子) falls on the woman's hand. The price of the smell of a plate of fried fish is the shadow of twenty-five cents."

Why did the traveler refuse to pay the woman for the fried fish？ Because______.

A．he was poor

B．he was rude

C．he was supported by a crowd

D．he hadn't eaten her fried fish at all