How often one hears children wishing they were gro... - 搜题云问答

第1题

How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were

young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.

Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child—things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things, or being punished for what he has done wrong.

When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.

According to Paragraph 2, the writer thinks that______.

A．life for a child is comparatively easy

B．a child is always loved whatever he does

C．if much is given to a child, he must do something in return

D．only children are interested in life

点击查看答案

第2题

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed, h i

s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as "nature/nurture".

Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior. patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior. is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior. is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

Proponents of the "nurture "theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B.F. Skinner sees humans as beings whose behavior. is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.

Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior. lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

Which one of the following statements would supporters of the "nature" theory agree with？

A．A person's instincts have little effect on his action

B．Environment is important in determining a person's behavior. and personality

C．Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act

D．The behaviorists' view correctly explains how we act

点击查看答案

第3题

Every country tends to accept its own way of life as being the normal one and to praise or

criticize others as they are similar to or different from it. And unfortunately, our picture of the people and the way of life of other countries is often a distorted(曲解)one.

Here is a great argument in favor of foreign travel and learning foreign languages. It is only by traveling in, or living in a country and getting to know its inhabitants and their language that one can find out what a country and its people are really like. And how different the knowledge one gains this way frequently turns out to be from the second-hand information gathered from other sources! How often we find that the foreigners whom we thought to be such different people from ourselves are not very different after all!

Differences between peoples do, of course, exist and, one hopes, will always continue to do so. The world will be a dull place indeed when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike, and some people might say that we are rapidly approaching this state of affairs. With the much greater rapidity and ease of travel, there might seem to be some truth in this at least as far as Europe is concerned. However this may be, at least the greater ease of travel today has revealed to more people than ever before that the Englishman or Frenchman or German is not some different kind of animal from themselves.

Every country criticizes ways of life in other countries because they are______.

A．distorted

B．normal

C．similar to each other

D．different from its own

点击查看答案

第4题

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It

is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have been developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often referred to as " nature/nurture".

Two who support the" nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior. patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior. is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior. is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

Proponents of the " nurture" theory, or as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior. is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimulus as the basis of their behavior.

Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior. lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

Which of the following statements would supporters of the" nature" theory agree with？

A．A person's instincts have little effect on his actions.

B．Environment is important in determining a person's behavior. and personality.

C．Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.

D．The behaviorists' view correctly explains how we act.

点击查看答案

第5题

Two old gentlemen lived in a quiet street in Paris. They were friends and neighbors, and t

hey often went for a walk together in the streets when the weather was fine. Last Saturday they went for a walk at the side 【61】 the river. The sun shone, the weather was warm, there 【62】 a lot of flowers everywhere, and there were boats on 【63】 water.

The two men walked happily for half an hour, 【64】 then one of them said to the other, "That's a 【65】 beautiful girl. "

"Where can you see a beautiful girl？" said the 【66】 "I can't see one anywhere. I can see two young 【67】 They're walking towards us. "

"The girl's walking behind us. " 【68】 the first man quietly.

"But how can you see her 【69】？" asked his friend.

The first man smiled and said. "I 【70】 see her. but I can see the two young men's eyes. "

(61)

A．in

B．on

C．of

D．with

点击查看答案

第6题

Passage Five Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past

Passage Five

Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Memory really is leaning. One needs memory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called.

Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a “memory trace (记忆痕) .” What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to dear the dark.

Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out how a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Gibe the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize thins that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as a measure of how much a person has remembered.

One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learn how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.

52. We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that_____.

A bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark

B it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of

C chemical substances carry certain memories

D memory is stored in the brain as a substance

点击查看答案

第7题

Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Memory reall

y is learning. One needs memory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called.

Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a "memory trace (记忆痕) ". What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark.

Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out bow a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Give the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize things that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as measure of how much a person has remembered.

One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.

We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that ______.

A．bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark

B．it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of

C．chemical substances carry certain memories

D．memory is stored in the brain as a substance

点击查看答案

第8题

Every nation has a set of rules either written or unwritten, which determines how people a

ct with each other. Formal written rules are often laws and they control how we drive operate a business, or run a government. Individuals who disobey laws may be fined or put in jail. Because illegal behavior. generally harms other individuals or societies at large. Our court system must punish people who don't obey these formal rules.

Informal rules, often called "manners", describe correct and incorrect behavior. in such situations as eating in a restaurant, going on a date, or working in an office. If one is impolite or misbehaves in these situations, other people often consider offender insensitive. And although we can strongly disagree to such misconduct, we can no legally punish someone for simply being inconsiderate or unpleasant.

Neither laws nor manners are inflexible; both changes as society develops. For example, in the early twentieth century, the selling of strong spirits was forbidden. This law, however, had to be changed because the government found it impossible to force people to drink only soft drinks. More recently, many people who were dissatisfied with the unequals between the rights of men and women worked to pass the equal rights law, as women became more independent and took on new roles, a new law was considered necessary to reflect that change.

According to the passage, people who offended the law may be ______.

A．put to death

B．put on afire

C．doing fine

D．put into prison

点击查看答案

第9题

Ⅲ. Cloze （30 points) Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are fo

Ⅲ. Cloze (30 points)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Times have changed and the ideas of the young and the old about the same thing are often ill contra diction. For example, parents and teenagers often disagree about the amount of freedom and responsibility that young people (21) to have. The teenager is more independent and often wants to be (22) to choose his own friends, select his own courses in school, plan for his own vocational (23) , and earn and spend his own money, and generally (24) his own life in a more independent (25) than many parents are able to (26) .

Most problems (27) teenagers and their parents yield to (导致) (28) planning and decision making. Within ally particular family, (29) are avoided and problems are solved when all of the persons take (30) in the situation, and (31) in working it out. (32) parents and young people learn how to get (33) well with each other and develop skills in understanding and (34) understood, even (35) most difficult problems are relieved and a situation might appear that teenagers and their parents can some times see eye to eye.

21. A. is

B. should

C. will

D. are

点击查看答案

第10题

When a student, I was a member of the collegiate basketball team. It was mainly composed o

f bookish students. Only one could be counted as natural athlete, another half-qualified. That's why we were defeated nine out of ten games. Our spirits, however, had never dampened, for we were a cheerful team. None would strive to get into the spotlight when we were gaining the upper hand; nor would we blame each other when we were losing. Thus a cordial relationship between members prevailed in our team. Most recommendable of all was our morale which never lowered. Our sportsmanship also remained good. We persisted in carrying on to the last when suffering great loss. We knew we had done our best, showing no regret at failure. To the rest of the students our team was a good one though it lost the game. They kept encouraging us and none of them was disappointed.

Recently I have avoided watching games, not even at a TV live coverage, still less to the match in person. That's because I know I couldn't control myself. When watching a match, I'll inevitably take sides and be emotionally involved, strongly wishing for the triumph of the side over its opponent. As I often side with the "weaker" in a match, watching it will only spell worry and misery for me.

Not long ago when I accompanied my wife to a super world tennis match my horizons broadened as regards sports competition. It seemed to me that wins and losses were relative and transient. What mattered was the ever-higher level achieved through contest. Victory was a result of all the efforts made by both sides. As one of the audience, I should applaud the energetic performance of both to the neglect of the result. Why should I regard the contest as a life-and-death struggle, the winner as survival and the loser as dead？

The basketball team was often defeated because ______.

A．the team members didn't know how to play basketball

B．the team members were students who only know how to study book knowledge

C．there were only one or two members who were qualified for basketball

D．the morale of the team was low

点击查看答案