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A new study finds that blacks on death row【1】of killing whites are more likely to be execu

ted than whites who kill minorities. It also concludes that blacks who kill【2】minorities are【3】likely to be executed than blacks who kill whites. For example, there is more than a twofold greater risk that an African-American who killed a white will be executed than a white person who kills a【4】victim. A Hispanic is at least 1.4【5】more likely to be executed【6】such an offender kills a white.

The researchers of the study believe that there are two【7】explanations.. First, prosecutors often win【8】office if they win well-publicized cases. When a black kills a white, such killings gets more【9】and this idea can be【10】by many famous cases. 【11】, the court judges at the state level are often【12】to elections, called retention elections. Retention election or judicial retention within the United States court system, is a periodic process, in which the voter【13】approval or disapproval for the judges presently【14】their position, and a judge can be removed from the position if the【15】of the citizens vote him or her out. Just as the researchers【16】out, death penalty is【17】political.

The findings of the study, in short, show that American justice systems clearly【18】white lives more than those of blacks or Hispanics. The researchers also say their findings【19】serious doubts about【20】that the U.S. criminal justice system is colorblind.

(1)

A．convicted

B．charged

C．believed

D．sentenced

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发布时间：2020-09-17

更多“A new study finds that blacks on death row【1】of killing whites are more likely to be execu”相关的问题

第1题

Passage 1A new study finds that even mild stress can affect your ability to control your e

Passage 1

A new study finds that even mild stress can affect your ability to control your emotions. A team of neuroscientists at New York University say that their findings suggest that certain _1_ that teach people how to better control their emotions—such as those used to treat social anxiety and phobias— may not work as well during stressful situations. “We have long suspected that stress can _2_ our ability to control our emotions, but this is the first study to document how even mild stress can undercut therapies designed to keep our emotions in _3_ said senior author and psychology professor Elizabeth Phelps. “In other words, what you learn in the clinic may not be as _4_ in the real world when you’re stressed.” To help patients learn to _5_ their emotional impairment, therapists sometimes use cognitive restructuring techniques encouraging patients to alter their thoughts or approach to a situation to change their emotional response. These might include focusing on the positive or non-threatening aspects of an event or _6_ that might normally produce fear. To test how these techniques hold up in real-life situations, the team _7_ a group of 78 volunteers, who viewed pictures of snakes and spiders. Some of the pictures were paired with an electric shock, and participants _8_ developed a fear of these pictures. The subjects “reported more _9_ feelings of fear when viewing the pictures, compared with when they viewed images not paired with a shock. Next the participants were taught cognitive strategies, similar to those _10_ bytherapists and known as cognitive-behavioral therapy, to learn to diminish the fears brought on by the experiment.

A) check

B) regulate

C) eventually

D) consequences

E) impair

F) stimulus

G) bleak

H) enlisted

I) relevant

J) prescribed

K) therapies

L) confined

M) incidentally

N) intense

O) breach

第1空答案是：

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第2题

In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet finds out some weak points about herself in th

A.Blindness

B.Partiality

C.Snobbishness

D.Prejudice

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第3题

Moderate drinking reduces stroke risk, study confirms. Similar to the way a drink or two a

day protects against heart attacks, moderate alcohol consumption wards off strokes, a new study found.

The study also found that the type of alcohol consumed -- beer, wine or liqour -- was unimportant. Any of them, or a combination, was protective, researchers reported in today's Journal of the American Medical Association. "No study has shown benefit in recommending alcohol consumption to those who do not drink", cautioned the authors, led by Dr. Ralph L. Sacco of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. But the new data support the guidelines of the National Stroke Association, which say moderate drinkers may protect themselves from strokes by continuing to consume alcohol, the authors said.

The protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attacks is well established, but the data has been conflicting about alcohol and strokes, the authors said. The new study helps settle the question and is the first to find blacks and Hispanics benefit as well as whites, according to the authors. Further research is needed among other groups, such as Asian, whom past studies suggest may get no stroke protection from alcohol or may even be put at greater risk.

Among groups where the protective effect exists, its mechanism appears to differ from the protective effect against heart attacks, which occurs through boosts in levels of so-called "good" cholesterol, the authors said. They speculated alcohol may protect against stroke by acting on some other blood trait, such as the tendency of blood platelets to clump, which is key in forming the blood trait, such as the tendency of blood platelets to clump, which is key in forming the blood clots that can cause strikes.

The researchers studied 677 New York residents who lived in the northern part of Manhattan and had strokes between July 1,1993, and June, 1997. After taking into account differences in other factors that could affect stroke risk, such as high blood pressure, the researchers estimated that subjects who consumed up to two alcoholic drinks daily were only half as likely to have suffered clot-type strokes as nondrinkers. Clot-type strokes account for 80 percent of all strokes, a leading cause of US deaths and disability. Stroke risk increased with heavier drinking. At seven drinks per day, risk was almost triple that of moderate drinkers.

An expert spokesman for the American Heart Association, who was not involved in the study, said it was well-done and important information. But it shouldn't be interpreted to mean, "I can have two drinks and therefore not worry about my high blood pressure or worry about my cholesterol," said Dr. Edgar J. Kenton, an associate professor of clinical neurology at Thomas Jefferson University Medical College in Philadelphia. Instead, he said, the study provides good reason to do further research and to add alcohol to the list of modifiable risk factors for stroke.

The new study conducted by Dr. Sacco and his colleagues is unique in that ______.

A．it refutes early studies on the protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attack

B．it confirms early studies of moderate drinking against heart attacks

C．it helps to resolve the disputes over the effect of moderate drinking against stroke

D．it finds that moderate drinking can benefit people of different races equally well

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第4题

听力原文：Outrageous shopping bills are a familiar nightmare for many compulsive shoppers.

And contrary to popular opinion, men suffer that nightmare nearly as often as women. A new survey finds that both genders are almost equally likely to suffer compulsive buying disorder, a condition marked by uncontrollable, unnecessary and unaffordable shopping sprees. Researchers used to estimate that between 2 and 16 percent of the US population suffered compulsive buying disorder, and that 90 percent of sufferers were female. But a 2004 telephone survey of more than 2,500 American adults found that 6 percent of women and about 5.5 percent of men are compulsive shoppers; that's more than 1 in 20 adults. The sexes do not shop at the same aisles though. Experts say that women are more likely to binge-buy things like clothes or gifts for other people while men tend to buy expensive electronics. This survey is the first to find such a high number of compulsive shoppers in the general population. Study authors hope that this finding can convince doctors of how many people are hurt by the disorder, so they can make finding a cure a priority.

How many people of US population suffered compulsive buying disorder？

A．2 to 60 percent.

B．2 to 16 percent.

C．20 to 60 percent.

D．16 to 20 percent.

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第5题

We have come to realize that the better a student is at planning his time, ______.

A.he finds more fun out of his study

B.he will find more fun out of his study

C.more fun will be found out of his study

D.the more fun he will find out of his study

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第6题

For years, smokers have been exhorted to take the initiative and quit: use a nicotine patc

h, chew nicotine gum, take a prescription medication that can help, call a help line, just say no. But a new study finds that stopping is seldom an individual decision. Smokers tend to quit in groups, the study finds, which means smoking cessation programs should work best if they focus on groups rather than individuals. It also means that people may help many more than just themselves by quitting: quitting can have a ripple effect prompting an entire social network to break the habit.

The study, by Dr. Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School and James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, followed thousands of smokers and nonsmokers for 32 years, from 1971 until 2003, studying them as part of a large network of relatives, co-workers, neighbors, friends and friends of friends.

It was a time when the percentage of adult smokers in the United States fell to 21 percent from 45 percent. As the investigators watched the smokers and their social networks, they saw what they said was a striking effect—smokers had formed little social clusters and, as the years went by, entire clusters of smokers were stopping en masse. So were clusters of clusters that were only loosely connected. Dr. Christakis described watching the vanishing clusters as like lying on your back in a field, looking up at stars that were burning out. "It's not like one little star turning off at a time," he said,"Whole constellations are blinking off at once. "

As cluster after cluster of smokers disappeared, those that remained were pushed to the margins of society, isolated, with fewer friends, fewer social connections. "Smokers used to be the center of the party," Dr. Fowler said, "but now they've become wallflowers." "We've known smoking was bad for your physical health," he said,"But this shows it also is bad for your social health. Smokers are likely to drive friends away. "

"There is an essential public health message," said Richard Suzman, director of the office of behavioral and social research at the National Institute on Aging, which financed the study. "Obviously, people have to take responsibility for their behavior," Mr. Suzman said. "But a social environment," he added, "can just overpower free will. " With smoking, that can be a good thing, researchers noted. But there also is a sad side. As Dr. Steven Sehroeder of the University of California, San Francisco, pointed out in an editorial accompanying the paper, "a risk of the marginalization of smoking is that it further isolates the group of people with the highest rate of smoking—persons with mental illness, problems with substance abuse, or both. "

Which of the following statements is true according to the opening paragraph？

A．Smokers have been prevented from quit smoking for years.

B．It is rare that smokers make a decision to quit.

C．It is preferable to abstain from smoking in groups.

D．Nonsmoker could be affected because of the ripple effects.

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第7题

The main idea of the passage is ______.A．change in the French way of lifeB．criticism of th

The main idea of the passage is ______.

A．change in the French way of life

B．criticism of the new life style

C．the process of Americanization

D．features of the new way of life

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第8题

A new government led by Alexander Kerensky ______.A．was supported by the Bolsheviks all th

A new government led by Alexander Kerensky ______.

A．was supported by the Bolsheviks all the time

B．was overthrew by the Bolsheviks

C．abdicated

D．wanted more change

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第9题

根据下列材料，请回答下列各题 With the increasing pace of economic globalization and comp

etition among various countries in the market，information，technology，professionals，capital and other types of economic resources is becoming increasingly evident．International___1___is becoming progressively__2__．Previously__3__competition among enterprises in different countries is growing gradually into competition among governments that finds expression in a concentrated form．Previous__4__contention for enterprises’interests in the world market now evidences itself in the contention for__5__interests．In this new situation，to__6__ national interests and to enable a country to be constantly in a favorable position in the international market，the most important thing is to have a highly___7___government that__8__ the full trust of citizens． The basic objective of the study of the“government administration” is to__ 9__ the competitive edge of a government in the international market，to__10__ the efficiency and quality of government administrative behaviors，and to enhance the skills and the efficiency of government policy operations．The evident__11__between government administration and enterprise management lies in the fact __12__ the former is a macro-activity and represents the overall national interests．Considering this from the__ 13__ 0f the theory of behavioral efficiency function，the degree of the efficiency and quality of government administrative behaviors and the standard of the skills and the efficiency of government policy operations have a direct__14__0n the amount of national interests and the degree of security and happiness of its people．Thus，to__15__the level of overall national interests requires a highly efficient enterprise management and a high—quality enterprise group with significant core competitiveness．More importantly，it requires highly efficient government administration and the government’s international competitiveness to have a__16__advantage．For China，a country that is still in the__17__of“shift in the mode of growth” and “transformation in the system”，the fundamental__ 18__ to turn this objective into a__ 19__ is to make innovations in government administration. S0，against the__ 20__backgrounds of economic globalization and the domestic economic transformation，how should we make innovations in government administration？I think many things can be done in this regard．Yet the most important thing is to effect the change of the concept，functions，forms and the institution of government administration．

A.information

B.identification

C.competition

D.imagination

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第10题

What will be one effect of the new biotechnology on plants？A．They will grow anywhere in th

What will be one effect of the new biotechnology on plants？

A．They will grow anywhere in the world.

B．Some will be able to grow in salty soils.

C．They will become poisonous to pests.

D．Using nitrogen from the air they will be able to cross-fertilize.

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