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[主观题]

When companies emerge from their home countries and become "global", they often leave behi

nd their native culture and【B1】inter national business values. Most of these values come from the United States. And【B2】the most global of companies are often【B3】influenced by Western cultural values. This【B4】a number of issues for companies recruiting in China, and for the local people who apply【B5】work for them. It is sometimes said that multinational companies have the economic power of nation states. For many Chinese people, employment in a Western company can be【B6】moving to a foreign country during working hours.

One major difference is the attitude towards the individual, and his or her【B7】to others. The Western-【B8】tend to believe that success is【B9】to individuals, whether they work together or【B10】. The Western idea of teamwork is about directing and individual's【B11】to wards a goal. Going on from this, Western style. workplaces are often "achievement oriented"【B12】than "relationship oriented". They may also value innovation over traditional methods. They【B13】change as more important than stability【B14】even prefer conflict to compromise.

If these philosophical differences are badly managed, they can lead to conflict【B15】an organization. Human resources professionals in China are【B16】familiar with the situation【B17】the Western manager cannot open his or her mouth at offending someone and【B18】constantly com plains that nothing【B19】done. Cultural differences can go deeper than relations in the workplace. They may even【B20】a company's long-term strategy.

【B1】

A．adjust

B．accord

C．adopt

D．avoid

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发布时间：2023-02-18

更多“When companies emerge from their home countries and become "global", they often leave behi”相关的问题

第1题

What are not the resulting effects on cities when those people moved out？ A. The

What are not the resulting effects on cities when those people moved out？

A. There were more crimes.

B. Cities were in a bad condition.

C. Only one mass transit system was completed.

D. Some small companies move in while larger ones moved out.

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第2题

What's the position of the head of human resources management in American companies？A．He i

What's the position of the head of human resources management in American companies？

A．He is one of the most influential executives in the firm.

B．His post is likely to rise when new technologies are introduced.

C．He is directly under the chief executive.

D．He has no right in marking important decisions in the firm.

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第3题

The author attributes the phenomenon of “golden skirts” to ______.A．the small number of qu

The author attributes the phenomenon of “golden skirts” to ______.

A．the small number of qualified females in management

B．the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies

C．the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions

D．the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles

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第4题

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？ A. Some comp

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？

A. Some companies in the United States moved to Sweden, Germany and Belgium.

B. Fresh air, spacious room and being away from others attract people to move to the suburbs.

C. People wouldn't pay tax when they moved out of cities.

D. The neighborhood should be maintained by old and poor people.

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第5题

Which of the following is true according to the text？A．South Africa regards planting trees

Which of the following is true according to the text？

A．South Africa regards planting trees as a basic human right.

B．India had a lot of problems when carrying out the tree-planting schemes.

C．South Africa will punish those forestry companies that cut trees.

D．Indian farmers can drill as many boreholes as they want.

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第6题

LINUX的syslog中常用的level级别不包括哪个（)？

A.debug

B.emerg

C.warning

D.default

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第7题

Some oil companies plan to get rid of some of the pollution they produce by pumping it int

o rocks deep inside the Earth, where they say it will stay for thousands of years. Other people, though, aren't so sure this is advisable; environmental groups say that putting this pollution back into the Earth is a bad idea.

When oil burns, It doesn't just produce heat: it also produces carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a natural part of the air, but because people bum so much oil, there's too much carbon dioxide in the air. This extra carbon dioxide is pollution; some scientific studies show that carbon dioxide is one of the" greenhouse gases" that is causing the Earth's temperature to rise.

Environmentalists say that the oil companies' plans may not work. The oil companies say they are making sure that the gas will never escape, but environmentalists wonder how the oil companies can be so sure that the gas won't seep into the air. They also point out that there's no way to check to make sure the gas isn't leaking. In addition, the environmentalists point out that the pumping costs money—for research and for equipment—that the oil companies should be spending on preventing pollution, rather than on just moving it someplace else.

Another problem, say some people who are concerned about the Earth, is that if the oil companies find a cheap way to get rid of their pollution, they won't look for new kinds of energy. These environmentalists say that energy companies should be researching ways to use hydrogen, wind power, and solar power instead of finding better ways to use oil. They argue that continuing to use oil means that we will still need to buy oil from other countries instead of producing our own cheap, clean energy.

Environmentalists also say that burying pollution just pushes the problem into the future, rather than really solving it. They say that if the oil companies pump carbon dioxide into the rocks inside the Earth, it will be there for thousands of years, and that no one knows if this plan—even if it works—might turn into a pollution problem for all of us in the future.

The oil companies insist that their plan is safe, and that putting the gas inside the Earth is a reasonable way to deal with it, They point out that there is a lot of room in the Earth for this extra gas, and that putting carbon dioxide inside the Earth means that the gas won't be in the air, and if it's not in the air, it won't make the Earth warmer.

According to the passage, oil results in air pollution because

A．it burns very easily and has a very awful smell.

B．it produces too much heat that warm up the temperature.

C．it emits too much carbon dioxide into the air when burning.

D．it is called the" greenhouse gas".

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第8题

Over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors-

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors-habits-among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

"There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can't figure out how to change people's habit," said Dr. Curtis, the director the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. " We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically. "

The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to-Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever-had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers' lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look hard enough, you'll find that many of the products we use every day-chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity- preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.

A few decades ago, many people didn't drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

"Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns", said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. "Creating positive habit is a huge part of improving our consumers' lives, and it's essential to making new products commercially viable. "

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap______.

A．should be further cultivated

B．should be changed gradually

C．are deeply rooted in history

D．arc basically private concern

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第9题

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors

—habits—among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

" There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can't figure out how to change people's habits, " said Dr. Curtis, the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. "We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically"

The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to—Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers' lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look hard enough, you'll find that many of the products we use every day—chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners , fabric softeners, vitamins—are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.

A few decades ago, many people didn't drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

" Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns, " said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. " Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers' lives, and it's essential to making new products commercially viable. "

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap_________.

A．should be further cultivated

B．should be changed gradually

C．are deeply rooted in history

D．are basically private concerns

点击查看答案

第10题

The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make cost

ly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.

Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results.

Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.

General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin for "new(star)"and means "star" in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like "nova", meaning "it doesn't go". Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales "picked up" dramatically.

Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food company's friendly "Jolly Green Giant"(for advertising vegetables)became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre".

When translated into German, Pepsi's popular slogan, "Come Alive with Pepsi" came out implying "Come Alive from the Grave". No wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.

Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good translations—other aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders.

When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.

For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume into the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.

Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.

The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called "back translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders.

The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.

In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be short and simple.

They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.

The best title of this passage might be ______.

A．Culture Is Very Important in Advertising

B．Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations

C．Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries

D．Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles

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第11题

Plato asked "What is man？" and St Augustine asked "Who am I？" A new breed of criminals has

a novel answer: "I am you!" Although impostors have existed for ages, the growing frequency and cost of identity theft is worrisome. Around 10m Americans are victims annually, and it is the leading consumer-fraud complaint over the past five years. The cost to businesses was almost $50 billion, and to consumers $5 billion, in 2002, the most recent year that America's Federal Trade Commission collected figures.

After two recent, big privacy disasters, people and politicians are calling for action. In February, ChoicePoint, a large data-collection agency, began sending out letters warning 145,000 Americans that it had wrongly provided fraudsters with their personal details, including Social Security numbers. Around 750 people have already spotted fraudulent activity. And on February 25th, Bank of America revealed that it lost data tapes that contain personal information on over lm government employees, including some Senators. Although accident and not illegality is suspected, all must take precautions against identity theft.

Faced with such incidents, state and national lawmakers are calling for new regulations, including over companies that collect and sell personal information. As an industry, the firms—such as ChoicePoint, Acxiom, LexisNexis and Westlaw—are largely unregulated. They have also grown enormous. For example, ChoicePoint was founded in 1997 and has acquired nearly 60 firms to amass databases with 19 billion records on people. It is used by insurance firms, landlords and even police agencies.

California is the only state, with a law requiring companies to notify individuals when their personal information has been compromised—which made ChoicePoint reveal the fraud (albeit five months after it was noticed, and after its top two bosses exercised stock options). Legislation to make the requirement a federal law is under consideration. Moreover, lawmakers say they will propose that rules governing credit bureaus and medical companies are extended to data-collection firms. And alongside legislation, there is always litigation. Already, ChoicePoint has been sued for failing to safeguard individuals' data.

Yet the legal remedies would still be far looser than in Europe, where identity theft is also a menace, though less frequent and costly. The European Data Protection Directive, implemented in 1998, gives people the right to access their information, change inaccuracies, and deny permission for it to be shared. Moreover, it places the cost of mistakes on the companies that collect the data, not on individuals. When the law was put in force, American policymakers groaned that it was bad for business. But now they seem to be reconsidering it.

Plato and St. Augustine are mentioned in the text to

A．raise philosophical questions.

B．show an obvious contrast.

C．introduce the criminals,

D．pave the way for the main topic.

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