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Why did Dr. Farid examine Perugino's "Madonna with Child"？
A．To indicate it was a creation of cooperative work.
B．To illustrate the consistency of historian's judgments.
C．To demonstrate the validity of wavelet analysis.
D．To prove the authenticity of this painting.
答案
更多“Why did Dr. Farid examine Perugino's "Madonna with Child"？A．To indicate it was a creation”相关的问题
第1题
Dr. Farid employed a technique called wavelet analysis to examine 13 drawings that had at one time or another been attributed to Pieter Bruegel the Elder, a 16th-century Flemish painter. He also looked at Perugino's "Madonna with Child", a 15th-century Italian -masterpiece lodged in the college's Hood Museum of Art. He concluded, in agreement with art historians, that eight of the putative Bruegels are authentic, while the other five are imitations. In the case of "Madonna with Child", he analysed the six faces in the painting (Mary, the infant Jesus and several saints) and found that three of them were probably done by the same painter, while the other three were each done by a different hand. The view that four different painters worked on the canvas is, he says, consistent with the view of some art historians that Perugino's apprentices did much of the work, although there is no clear consensus among art historians.
As sceptics will doubtless point out, this is a small number of images. Furthermore, Dr. Farid knew before performing the analysis what results he expected. But he is the first to acknowledge that it is early days for his methodology. He hopes to study many more paintings. By looking at large numbers of paintings that are universally believed to be authentic, Dr. Farid hopes to be able to examine doubtful cases with confidence in the future.
Even with the Bruegels—real and imitation—though, Dr. Farid's results are persuasive. It is tricky to describe exactly what it is that distinguishes the real ones from the imitations, but Dr. Farid says that it can be thought of as the nature of the artist's brushstroke. Unlike some analyses of Jackson Pollock's work that have been done over the past few years by Richard Taylor of the University of Oregon, Dr. Farid says his technique could, in principle, be used for any artist.
What Dr. Farid did was to convert each work of art into a set of mathematical functions. These so-called wavelets describe particular parts of the image as a series of peaks and troughs of variable height and wavelength. By expressing an image this way, it is possible to compress that image while losing very little information. The sums of the wavelets from different images can then be compared. Once he did this, Dr. Farid found that the types of wavelets used to express authentic Bruegels were noticeably different from those used to express the imitations. (The Perugino was analysed by treating the six faces as distinct paintings.) It seems that curators may s6on be able to add another weapon to their anti-forgery arsenal.
The message Dr. Farid's work focuses on is close to ______.
A．what the artwork intends to tell
B．the style. and form. of the work
C．the common factor of science
D．the quality of the artwork
第2题
The author's attitude towards Dr. Farid's work is that of ______.
A．disbelief
B．enthusiasm
C．neutrality
D．approval
第3题
Dr. Conrad and William C. Louis presented their initial findings in a talk yesterday at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory where the experiment is being performed.
The goal was to confirm or refute observations made in the 1990s in a Los Alamos experiment that observed transformations in the evanescent but bountiful particles known as neutrinos(微中子). Neutrinos have no electrical charge and almost no mass, but there are so many of them that they could collectively outweigh all the stars in the universe.
The new experiment has attracted wide interest. That reflected in part the hope of finding cracks in the Standard Model, which encapsulates physicists' current knowledge about fundamental particles and forces.
The Standard Model has proved remarkably effective and accurate, but it cannot answer some fundamental questions, like why the universe did not completely annihilate(毁灭) itself an instant after the Big Bang.
The birth of the universe 13.7 billion years ago created equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Since matter and antimatter annihilate each other when they come in contact, that would have left nothing to coalesce into stars and galaxies. There must be some imbalance in the laws of physics that led to a slight preponderance of matter over antimatter, and that extra bit of matter formed everything in the visible universe.
The imbalance, some physicists believe, may be hiding in the dynamics of neutrinos.
Neutrinos come in three known types, or flavors. And they can change flavor as they travel. But the neutrino transformations reported in the Los Alamos data do not fit the three-flavor model, suggesting four flavors of neutrinos, if not more.
The new experiment sought to count the number of times one flavor of neutrino, called a muon(μ介子), turned into another flavor, an electron neutrino.
For most of the neutrino energy range they looked at, the scientists did not see any more electron neutrinos than would be predicted by the Standard Model. That ruled out the simplest ways of interpreting the Los Alamos neutrino data, Dr. Conrad and Dr. Louis said.
But at the lower energies, the scientists did see more electron neutrinos than predicted: 369, rather than the predicted 273. That may simply mean that some calculations are off. Or it could point to a subtler interplay of particles, known and unknown.
Dr. Louis said he was surprised by the results". I was sort of expecting a clear excess or no excess", he said. "In a sense, we got both".
It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that the" initial findings" of Dr. Conrad and Louis are ______.
A．a new class of subatoms.
B．new subatomic particles.
C．new characters of neutrinos.
D．none of the above.
第4题
Scientists have thought of these collisions as mergers: a smaller object (the impactor) hits a larger one (the target) and sticks to it. But new computer modeling by Erik Asphaug and Craig B. Agnor of the University of California, Santa Cruz, shows that things weren't that simple. "Most of the time, the impactor and the target go off on their merry ways", Dr. Asphaug said. About half the collisions are these hit-and-nm affairs. Now the two researchers and a colleague, Quentin Williams. have done simulations to study the effects of these collisions on the impactors. They are not pretty.
"The impactors suffer all kinds of fates", Dr. Asphaug said. They undergo tremendous shearing and gravitational forces that can cause them to fracture into smaller pieces or melt, causing chemical changes in the material and loss of water or other volatile compounds. Or the crust and cover can be stripped off, leaving just an embryonic iron core.
The researchers, whose findings are published in Nature, discovered that two objects did not even have to collide to create an effect on the smaller one from the gravitational forces of a near-collision during the simulations. Dr. Asphaug said, "We'd look and say, 'Gosh, we just got rid of the whole atmosphere of that planetoid: it didn't even hit and it sucked the whole atmosphere off.'"
The researchers suggest that the remains of these beaten-up, fractured and melted objects can be found in the asteroid belt. Dr. Asphaug said that could explain the prevalence of "iron relics" in the belt. Some of these planetoid remnants also eventually hit Earth: that would help explain why certain meteorites lack water and other volatile elements.
The hit-and-run collision model also provides an explanation for Vesta. a large asteroid with an intact crust and cover. How did Vesta keep its cover while so many other objects were losing theirs？ Dr. Asphang said it could be that Vesta was always the target, never the impactor, and was thus less affected. "It just had to avoid being the hitter", he said, "until bigger objects left the system".
The planets were formed as a result of______.
A．collisions of objects in inner solar system
B．the merging of a smaller object and a larger one
C．the impactor sticking to the target
D．chemical changes
第5题
The Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL) emerged in the late 1970s, at a new school for deaf children. Initially the children were instructed by teachers who could hear. No one taught them how to sign; they simply worked it out for themselves. By conducting experiments on people who attended the school at various points in its history, Dr. Senghas has shown how NSL has become more sophisticated over time. For example, concepts that an older signer uses a single sign for, such as rolling and falling, have been unpacked into separate signs by youngsters.
Early users, too, did not develop a way of distinguishing left from right. Dr. Senghas showed this by asking signers of different ages to converse about a set of photographs that each could see. One signer had to pick a photograph and describe it. The other had to guess which photograph was being described.
When all the photographs contained the same elements, merely arranged differently, older people, who had learned the early form. of the language, could neither signal which photo they meant, nor understand the signals of their younger partners. Nor could their younger partners teach them the signs that indicate left and right. The older people clearly understood the concept of left and right, they just could not converse about it a result that bears on the vexing question of how much language merely reflects the way the brain thinks about the world, and how much it actually shapes such thinking.
For a sign language to emerge spontaneously, though, deaf children must have some inherent tendency to tie gestures to meaning. Spoken language, of course, is frequently accompanied by gestures. But, as a young researcher, Dr. Goldin-Meadow suspected that deaf children use gestures differently from those who can hear. In a 30-year-long project carried out on deaf children in America and Taiwan, whose parents can hear normally, she has shown that this is true.
Even deaf children who have no deaf acquaintances use signs as words. The order the signs come in is important. It is also different from the order of words in either English or Chinese. But it is the same, for a given set of signs and meanings, in both America and Taiwan.
Curiously enough, the signs produced by children in Spain and Turkey, whom Dr. Goldin-Meadow is also studying, while similar to each other, differ from those that American and Taiwanese children produce. Dr. Goldin-Meadow is not certain why that is. However, the key commonality is that their spontaneously created languages resemble fully-formed languages.
The Nicaragua Sign Language is__________.
A．a non-verbal language created by deaf children.
B．an artificial language used by people in Nicaragua.
C．a language invented by teachers who teach the deaf.
D．a language described and modified by deliberate linguists
第6题
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
The swine flu will probably return in force earlier than seasonal flu usually begins, federal health officials predicted Friday, saying they expected it to erupt as soon as schools open rather than in October or November.
The swine flu is still circulating in the United States, especially in summer camps, even though hot weather has arrived and the regular flu season ended months ago, "so we expect challenges when people return to school, when kids are congregating together," Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of respiratory diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said in a telephone news conference held jointly with vaccine experts from the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services.
It is still unclear how many doses of a swine flu vaccine will be available by then, and officials have been reluctant to make firm predictions beyond saying that they expect tens of millions, rather than hundreds of millions, and they plan to distribute them to people who are the most vulnerable, like pregnant women and people who are the most likely to encounter the flu, like health care workers.
The number of doses available will depend on how fast seed strains grow, how much protection a small dose provides, and whether immune-system boosters called adjuvants are needed and prove to be safe; adjuvants are not used in American flu vaccines now.
Clinical trials testing those questions are expected to take another couple of months, said Dr. Jesse L. Goodman, director of the F. D．A．'s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research.
Assuming a swine flu vaccination campaign begins, it will be voluntary, Dr. Schuchat emphasized, but she "strongly encouraged" pregnant women to get both a seasonal flu shot and a swine flu shot when they are available.
The C．D．C．has been closely following the disease in the Southern Hemisphere winter, and it is mimicking the patterns seen in the United States and Mexico in the spring, she said.
Most infections and most serious cases are in children and young adults, and those with underlying conditions, including pregnancy, are the most likely to die. Dr. Schuchat likened the spread's unpredictability to that of popcorn: one city could see an explosion of cases and overwhelmed hospitals while another saw few.
Her most important message, she added, was that "the virus isn't gone, and we fully expect there will be challenges in the fall. "
Why did officials expect the swine flu to erupt as soon as schools open rather than in October or November？
A．There will be sufficient swine flu vaccines then.
B．The swine flu is still circulating.
C．The cold weather then will hinder their work.
D．People will be plunged into panic by then.
第7题
Dr. Stokoe decided to propose a study of sign language. Many other teachers were not interested, and thought Dr. Stokoe was【C2】______to think about studying sign language. Even deaf teachers were not very interested in the project. However, Dr. Stokoe did not give up.【C3】______, he started the Linguistics Research Program in'1957. Stokoe and his two deaf assistants, worked【C4】______this project during the summer and after school. The three【C5】______made films of deaf people signing. The deaf people in the films did not understand【C6】______the research was about and were just trying to be nice to Dr. Stokoe. Many people thought the whole project was silly, but【C7】______agreed with Dr. Stokoe in order to please him.
Stokoe and his【C8】______studied the films of signing. They【C9】______the films and tried to see patterns in the signs. The results of the research were【C10】______: the signs used by all of the signers【C11】______certain linguistic rules.
Dr. Stokoe was the first linguist to test American Sign Language【C12】______a real language. He published the【C13】______ in 1960,but not many people paid attention to the study. Dr. Stokoe was still【C14】______ —he was the only linguist who【C15】______that sign language was more than gestures. He knew it was a language of its own and not just another form. of English.
【C1】
A．ashamed
B．bored
C．interested
D．involved
第8题
Dr. Stokoe decided to propose a study of sign language. Many other teachers were not interested, and thought Dr. Stokoe was【C2】______to think about studying sign language. Even deaf teachers were not very interested in the project. However, Dr. Stokoe did not give up.【C3】______, he started the Linguistics Research Program in'1957. Stokoe and his two deaf assistants, worked【C4】______this project during the summer and after school. The three【C5】______made films of deaf people signing. The deaf people in the films did not understand【C6】______the research was about and were just trying to be nice to Dr. Stokoe. Many people thought the whole project was silly, but【C7】______agreed with Dr. Stokoe in order to please him.
Stokoe and his【C8】______studied the films of signing. They【C9】______the films and tried to see patterns in the signs. The results of the research were【C10】______: the signs used by all of the signers【C11】______certain linguistic rules.
Dr. Stokoe was the first linguist to test American Sign Language【C12】______a real language. He published the【C13】______ in 1960,but not many people paid attention to the study. Dr. Stokoe was still【C14】______ —he was the only linguist who【C15】______that sign language was more than gestures. He knew it was a language of its own and not just another form. of English.
【C1】
A．ashamed
B．bored
C．interested
D．involved
第9题
根据下面内容，回答题：
Dr.William C.Stokoe，Jr.，was the chairman of the English Department at Gallaudet
University. He saw the way deaf people communicated and was extremely 1.He was a hearing person， and signs of the deaf were totally new to him.
Dr. Stokoe decided to propose a study of sign language. Many other teachers were not interested， and thought Dr. Stokoe was 2 to think about studying sign language. Even deaf teachers were not very interested in the project. However， Dr. Stokoe did not give up.3， he started the Linguistics Research Program in 1957. Stokoe and his two deaf assistants worked 4this project during the summer and after school. The three 5 made films of deaf people signing. The deaf people in the films did not understand 6 the research was about and were just trying to be nice to Dr. Stokoe. Many people thought the whole project was silly， but 7 agreed with Dr. Stokoe in order to please him.
Stokoe and his 8 studied the films of signing. They 9 the films and tried to see patterns in the signs. The results of the research were10: the signs used by all of the signers11 certain linguistic rules.
Dr. Stokoe was the first linguist to test American Sign Language12a real language.He published the 13 in 1960， but not many people paid attention to the study. Dr. Stokoe was still 14 ——he was the only linguist who 15 that sign language was more than gestures. He knew it was a language of its own and not just another form. of English.
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A.ashamed
B.bored
C.interested
D.involved
第10题
"Why did you leave the meeting early？" "I found the discussion______."
A．boring
B．bored
C．bore
D．boredom
