We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we ... - 搜题云问答

第1题

We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes

are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen？" "When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend？ Or did he envy my luck？" "And Paul—why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car？" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.

Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies？ Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You' re a lucky dog. " Is he really on your side？ If he says, "You' re a lucky guy. " or "You' re a lucky gal. " , that's being friendly. But" lucky dog" ？ There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the "dog" bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.

"Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for" is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he？ Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words？ One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks？ Does what he says square with the tone of voice？ His posture？ The look in his eyes？ Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.

When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he

A．feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him

B．feels he may not have"read" his friends'true feelings correctly

C．thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as a friend

D．is sorry that his friends let him down

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第2题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen？....When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend？ Or did he envy my luck？" "And Paul—why didn't pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car？" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.

Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies？ Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You're a lucky dog." That's being friendly. But "lucky dog"？ There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the "dog" bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.

"Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for," is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he？ Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words？ One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks？ Does what he says agree with the tone of voice？

His posture？ The look in his eyes？ Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake.

This passage is mainly about______.

A．how to interpret what people say

B．what to do when you listen to others talking

C．how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people

D．why we go wrong with people sometimes

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第3题

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by c

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I. (40 points)

Text 1

We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen？ .... When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend？ Or did he envy my luck？" "And Paul—why didn't pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car？" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it' s too late.

Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies？ Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don' t really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, "You' re a lucky dog." That' s being friendly. But "lucky dog？" There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn't see it himself. But bringing in the "dog" bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that the doesn't think you deserve your luck.

"Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for," is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he？ Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn’t important. It' s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven' t got a date for Saturday night.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone' s words？ One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks？ Does what he says agree with the tone of voice？

His posture？ The look in his eyes？ Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake.

21. This passage is mainly about______.

A) how to interpret what people say

B) what to do when you listen to others talking

C) how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people

D) why we go wrong with people sometimes

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第4题

From the last paragraph, we can infer that Doctors should describe the way they made mista

kes in order to______.

A．admit malpractices first

B．make less medical mistakes

C．avoid lawsuits

D．be forgiven

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第5题

Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary,

master rules of grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes languages so much easier for them to learn？ Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners we may discover a few of the techniques that make language learning easier for them.

First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher. They discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They try to learn from their mistakes.

Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, they do not wait for a chance to use the language. Instead they look for such a chance. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear and to say strange things. They are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.

Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practise using the language regularly because they want to learn it.

The best learners of languages _____ .

A．are the most intelligent students in the class

B．are the best at memorizing long vocabulary lists

C．have the best language learning techniques

D．are the best at mastering rules of grammar

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第6题

We are all called upon to make a speech sometime in life, but most of us don’t do a ve

ry good job.We may get nervous, forget what we want to say, or talk too long and bore our audience.Later we may think, “Thank goodness, it’s over.I’m not good at public speaking.I hope I never have to do that again.”

It doesn’t have to be that bad.Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech-making.First of all, it is important to plan.Find out everything you can about your subject.And, at the same time, find out as much as you can about your audience.Who are they？ Why are they coming to hear you speak？ Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.

Ask yourself the purpose of your speech.What is the occasion？ Why are you speaking？ There are many possible speaking roles, and each one has its own special characteristics.Don’t spoil your speech by confusing one speaking role with another.

When you are making your speech, try to relax.Speak slowly and clearly and look at people in your audience.Use simple vocabulary and expressions whenever possible.Pause for a few seconds now and then to give your audience a chance to think about what you have said.

If you follow these steps, you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking.

1.According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true？()

A.We may make mistakes when making a public speech

B.Most of us don’t know how to make a good public speech

C.We may think that we can never make a good speech

D.Every one of us hopes to have the chance to speak in public

2.What does “put yourself in their shoes” in paragraph2 mean？()

A.Be sure to wear nice clothing when you give your speech

B.Try on their shoes to see if they fit you

C.Take your shoes off when making your speech

D.Try to imagine how they think and feel about your speech

3.What if you confuse one speaking role with another？()

A.You will spoil yourself

B.Your speech will become a complete success

C.You will ruin your speech and make it a failure

D.You will spoil your audience.

4.While making a speech, you are NOT supposed to _______.

A.speak slowly and clearly

B.look at people in your audience

C.use simple vocabulary and expression whenever possible

D.be serious

5.What is the passage mainly about？()

A.The pleasure in making a public speech

B.One should always make a short speech

C.How to overcome your tension

D.How to improve your speaking ability

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第7题

We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty wa

s to be produced by a deductive model: the correct actions were derivable from classical first principles or a hierarchically ranked pantheon of principles. This model, though, is bankrupt.

I suggest we think of ethics as analogous to language usage. There are no univocal rules of grammar and style. which uniquely determine the best sentence for a particular situation. Nor is language usage universalizable. Although a sentence or phrase is warranted in one case, it does not mean it is automatically appropriate in like circumstances. Nonetheless, language usage is not subjective.

This should not surprise us in the least. All intellectual pursuits are relativistic in just these senses. Political science, psychology, chemistry, and physics are not certain, but they are not subjective either. As I see it, ethnical inquiry proceeds like this: we are taught moral principles by parents, teachers, and society at large. As we grow older we become exposed to competing views. These may lead us to reevaluate presently held beliefs. Or we may find ourselves inexplicably making certain valuations, possibly because of inherited altruistic tendencies. We may "learn the hard way" that some actions generate unacceptable consequences. Or we may reflect upon our own and others' "theories" or patterns of behavior. and decide they are inconsistent. The resulting views are "tested"; we act as we think we should and evaluate the consequences of those actions on ourselves and on others. We thereby correct our mistakes in light of the test of time.

Of course people make different moral judgments; of course we cannot resolve these differences by using some algorithm which is itself beyond judgment. We have no vantage point outside human experience where we can judge right and wrong, good and bad. But then we don't have a vantage point from where we can be philosophical relativists either.

We are left within the real world, trying to cope with ourselves, with each other, with the world, and with our own fallibility. We do not have all the moral answers, nor do we have an algorithm to discern those answers, neither do we possess an algorithm for determining correct language usage but that does not make us throw up our hands in despair because we can no longer communicate.

If we understand ethics in this way, we can see, I think, the real value of ethical theory. Some people talk as if ethical theories give us moral prescriptions. They think we should apply ethical principles as we would a poultice: after diagnosing the ailment, we apply the appropriate dressing. But that is a mistake. No theory provides a set of abstract solutions to apply straightforwardly. Ethical theories are important not because they solve all moral dilemmas but because they help us notice salient features of moral problems and help us understand those problems in context.

Ethical principles are generally thought to be ______.

A．explicitly clear

B．implicitly vague

C．certain but non-rational

D．relative but not subjective

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第8题

We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty wa

s to be produced by a deductive model: the correct actions were derivable from classical first principles or a hierarchical ranked pantheon of principles. This model, though, is bankrupt.

I suggest we think of ethics as analogous to language usage. There are no univocal rules of gram mar and style. which uniquely determine the best sentence for a particular situation. Nor is language usage universalizable. Although a sentence or phrase is warranted in one case, it does not mean it is automatically appropriate in like circumstances. Nonetheless, language usage is not subjective.

This should not surprise us in the least. All intellectual pursuits are relativistic in just these senses. Political science, psychology, chemistry, and physics are not certain, but they are not subjective either. As I see it, ethical inquiry proceeds like this: we are taught moral principles by parents, teachers, and society at large. As we grow older we become exposed to competing views. These may lead us to reevaluate presently held beliefs. Or we may find ourselves inexplicably making certain valuations, possibly because of inherited altruistic tendencies. We may "learn the hard way" that some actions generate unacceptable consequences. Or we may reflect upon our own and others' "theories" or pat terns of behavior. and decide they are inconsistent. The resulting views are "tested;" we act as we think we should and evaluate the consequences of those actions on ourselves and on others. We thereby correct our mistakes in light of the test of time.

Of course people make different moral judgments; of course we cannot resolve these differences by using some algorithm which is itself beyond judgment. We have no vantage point outside human experience where we can judge right and wrong, good and bad. But then we don't have a vantage point from where we can be philosophical relativists either.

We are left within the real world, trying to cope with ourselves, with each other, with the world, and with our own mistakes. We do not have all the moral answers; nor do we have an algorithm to discern those answers. Neither do we possess an algorithm for determining correct language usage but that does not make us throw up our hands in despair because we can no longer communicate.

If we understand ethics in this way, we can see, I think, the real value of ethical theory. Some people talk as if ethical theories give us moral prescriptions. They think we should apply ethical principles as we would a poultice: after diagnosing the illness, we apply the appropriate dressing. But that is a mistake. No theory provides a set of abstract solutions to apply straightforwardly. Ethical theories are important not because they solve all moral dilemmas but because they help us notice salient features of moral problems and help us understand those problems in context.

Ethics was generally considered to be

A．definite and clear.

B．vague and uncertain.

C．certain but non-rational.

D．relative but not subjective.

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第9题

Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by bei

ng corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the differences between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people' s. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught——to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle——compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it him self. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer to that problem is, whether or not this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.

If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work？ Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can' t find the way to get the right answer. Let' s end all this nonsense of grades, exams, and marks. Let us throw them all out, let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn and how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know. Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learned at school and used for the rest of one' s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get on in the world？" Don't worry! If it is essential, They will go out into the world and learn it.

What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things？

A．By copying what other people do.

B．By making mistakes and having them corrected.

C．By listening to explanations from skilled people.

D．By asking a great many questions.

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第10题

If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you

need it for a __________ reason, such as your job or your studies？_________ perhaps you’re interested in the _________ ,films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a _________ of the language.

Most people learn best using a variety of _________, but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people. They _______ an environment where you can practice under the ________ of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead ________ lives and learning a language takes _______. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a ________. It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes ________.

Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too _______,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more _______ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any ________. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people ________ about the mistakes they make when ________. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes ________ you’re much less likely to make them again.

Learning a new language is never ________. But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be _________ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in ________ own language. Good luck!

1.A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical

2.A. After B. So C. Though D. Or

3.A. literature B. transport C. agriculture D. medicine

4.A. view B. knowledge C. form. D. database

5.A. paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers

6.A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide

7.A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure

8.A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal

9.A. courage B. time C. energy D. place

10.A. theory B. business C. routine D. project

11.A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more

12.A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired

13.A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly

14.A. age B. speed C. distance D. school

15.A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel

16.A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning

17.A. if B. and C. but D. before

18.A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy

19.A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed

20.A. their B. his C. our D. your

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