/θ/ nor__（）

A.S

B.SE

C.SD

A.Se

B.I

C.S

D.Fe

A.S

B.s

C.Se

D.Si

A.②⑤⑦

B.②⑥⑦

C.②④⑤⑥⑦

D.②④⑥

olish the practice of tipping at Per Se, his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with a European--style. service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tipping—as they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping, it seems, is to be anticapitalist, and maybe even a little French.

But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tipping—and it's worth exploring why just about everyone else in the restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice.

Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. "Waiters know that they won't get paid if they don't do a good job" is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational statement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants.

Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior. and marketing at Cornell's School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping and has concluded that consumers' assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.

Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilled—in other words, customers tip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn's studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers.

What's more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call "upselling": every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server's pocket. Aggressive upselling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrecognized.

In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more common in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. In an unreasonable outcome, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed, there appears to be little connection between tipping and good service.

It may be inferred that a European-style. service ______.

A．is tipping-free

B．charges little tip

C．is the author's initiative

D．is offered at Per Se

One day a lawyer's (律师) wife fell iii and he went to get a doctor. The doctor went to see tile woman, but before he went into the house he stopped. He knew that the lawyer never paid his bill (账单). So he said to the man, "But if I do cure (治愈) your wife I'm afraid you may not pay me."

"Sir," said the lawyer, '" here I have $ 500. Whether you cure my wife or whether you kill her I will give you all this."

The doctor was now sure of the payment and went into the house. When he reached the woman's bedside, it was soon clear to him that he could do little. She was badly iii, and though he gave her some medicine to take, she soon died.

He told the lawyer he was very sorry, then asked for the money.

"Did you kill my wife.'？" asked the lawyer.

"Of course not," said the doctor.

"Well, did you cure my wife？" asked the lawyer.

"I'm afraid that was impossible," answered the doctor.

"Well then, since you didn't kill her and you didn't cure her, I have nothing to pay you."

Before the doctor went into the lawyer's house he stopped because ______.

A．the lawyer was too poor to pay his bills

B．the lawyer had a bad name

C．he knew, well he couldn't cure the lawyer's wife

D．it was well-known that the lawyer would not be willing to pay what he should

uists who argue that man has developed an innate(天生的) capacity for dealing with the linguistic universals common to all languages. Experience and learning then provide only information about the (1)_____ instances of those universal aspects of language which are needed to communicate with other people within a particular language (2)_____.

This linguistic approach (3)_____ the view that language is built upon learned associations between words. What is learned is not strings of words per se(本身), but (4)_____ rules that enable a speaker to (5)_____ an infinite variety of novel sentences. (6)_____ single words are learned as concepts: they do not stand in a one-to-one (7)_____ with the particular thing signified, but (8)_____ all members of a general class.

This view of the innate aspect of language learning is at first not readily (9)_____ into existing psychological frameworks and (10)_____ a challenge that has stimulated much thought and new research directions. Chomsky argues that a precondition for language development is the existence of certain principles "intrinsic(原有的) to the mind" that provide invariant structures (11)_____ perceiving, learning and thinking. Language (12)_____ all of these processes; thus its study (13)_____ our theories of knowledge in general.

Basic to this model of language is the notion that a child's learning of language is a kind of theory (14)_____. It's thought to be accomplished (15)_____ explicit instruction, (16)_____ of intelligence level, at an early age when he is not capable of other complex (17)_____ or motor achievements, and with relatively little reliable data to go on. (18)_____, the child constructs a theory of an ideal language which has broad (19)_____ power. Chomsky argues that all children could not develop the same basic theory (20)_____ it not for the innate existence of properties of mental organization which limit the possible properties of languages.

A．special

B．specific

C．definite

D．explicit

A.se trouveront

B.occuperont

C.hercheront

D.se déplaceront

A.SX²＝SI²＋SE²

B.SX²＝ST²＋SE²

C.SX²＝SV²＋SI²＋SE²

D.SX²＝SV²＋SE²

A.Reno 4 SE

B.Y73S

C.荣耀X10

A.OW

B.SE

C.SCIB

D.QXI