under separate cover/by separate mail

declaration under an open cover presigned by insurance companies or under writers or their agents．If a credit specifically calls for an insurance certificate or a declaration under an open cover，banks will accept，in lieu there of，an insurance policy． Unless otherwise stipulated in the Credit，or unless it appears from the insurance document that the cover is effective at the latest from the date of the goods，banks will not accept an insurance document which bears a date of issuance later than the date of loading on board or dispatch or taking in charge as indicated in such transport document．

rtant way for reading a large, big-city newspaper is knowing how to take it apart. Can you find these separate sections: world news, national and local news, sports, business, entertainment, opinions, classified ads？ Does your paper have other sections？

News stories give facts, not the author's opinions. Editorials do the opposite, you can expect an editorial to take sides. Some newspaper editorials have a by-line with the author's name, but many newspapers have unsigned editorials. These reflect the opinions of the publisher or editor.

You can be a better reader if you know what to expect in a newspaper. For example, you can expect headlines to omit unnecessary words. You can expect to find the most important facts in the lead paragraph(the first paragraph) of a news story. You can expect important news items to be on the front page. You can expect less important items to be on the inside pages.

Most of all, the more you know about the current news, the more you will understand what is in the newspaper; important stories are generally presented one day and followed up on following days. So, an important way for reading newspapers is reading one frequently.

A good way to read a large newspaper is______.

A．to do some paper-cutting

B．to read it from cover to cover

C．to find separate sections

D．to predict what is inside the newspaper

alue, presents 3 sets of B/L showing the same vessel/voyage/destination but different loadport and on board dates. Which on board date is to be taken into consideration for the purpose of checking regarding late presentation？

(1)( ) the first date

(2)( ) the last date

(3)( ) the middle date

A.read it from cover to cover

B.do some paper-cutting

C.find separate sections

D.predict what is inside the paper

d Letter of Credit can be divided into many kinds depending on the circumstance. A documentary credit may be available by payment, by negotiation or by acceptance.(1)means that the minated bank will pay the beneficiary the full amount due once he submits the contract documents equired under the credit. Under a(2), the beneficiary is given double assurance of payment since the confirming bank has added its own undertaking to that of the opening bank. If a credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties, it is a(3)If a credit stipulated that its amount can be renewed without specific amendment to the credit being made, it is then a(4).(5)are those that cannot be amended or revoked without the consent of all the parties concerned.

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

After the terrorist attacks in America last September, terrorist risk became the pariah of perils. The airline industry was most directly affected by the attacks, and it was the first to find that no one wanted to insure terrorist risk. Insurance companies immediately increased premiums and cut cover for airlines' third-party terror and war liabilities to $50m per airline, per "event". Under pressure from airlines, the American government and the members of the European Union agreed to become insurers of last resort for airlines' war and terrorist liabilities, for a limited period. These government guarantees are due to expire at the end of the month.

The American government has already agreed to extend its guarantee for another 60 days. The EU's transport ministers are meeting next week in Brussels to decide what to do. Insurers and re-insurers are keen for the commercial market to resume the provision of all airline insurance as soon as possible. No wonder: The premiums for such cover have inevitably increased considerably.

However, in the case of terrorism, and especially of terrorism in the skies, a number of special factors, arise. Some are purely practical: a disaster as sudden and unforeseen as the attacks on the World Trade Center has had destructive effects on the insurance industry. The maximum cover for third-party terrorist risk available in the primary aviation market is now $50m, and that is not nearly enough cover risks that are perceived to be much higher since September 11th. Even if the market could offer sufficient cover, another catastrophe on such a scale would be more than the market could cope with.

In addition, a rare and devastating risk of a political nature is arguably one that it is right for governments to cover, at least in part. In the wake of attacks by Irish terrorists the British government has recognized this point by agreeing to back a mutual fund to cover risks to property from terrorist attack.

In the case of the airlines, the appropriate answer is some form. of mutual scheme with government backing. In fact, under the code-name "Equitime", representatives of airlines, insurers and the American government are setting up an insurance vehicle to be financed by airlines and reinsured by the government. Governments would guarantee the fund's excess risk, but their role would diminish as the fund grew.

Setting something up will take time, so, to bridge the gap, governments will have to remain insurer of last resort for airlines' war and terrorist risk for some time to come.

By "terrorist risk became the pariah of perils"(Paragraph 1), the author means ______.

A．airline disasters severely affected the mutual fund.

B．terrorist risk was the chief concern for governments.

C．insurance companies refused to pay their premiums.

D．terrorist liabilities are not accepted by insurance companies.

art of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not.

Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. But man's societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormously more power and effectiveness

than the individuals have.

It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand year's from now man's societies may have become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and nerve cells that set them in motion.

The explorers of space should be prepared for some' such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.

The units may be "secondary"-machines created millions of years ago by a previous form. of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar car bon cycle.

Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from a favored planet.

Humans on Earth today are characterized by______.

A．their existence as free and separate beings

B．their capability of living under favorable conditions

C．their great power and effectiveness

D．their strong desire for living in a close-knit society

as men are.

Food for space has to be packed in special ways. Some of it goes into tubes that a man can squeeze into his mouth. Bite-sized cookies are packed in plastic.

There is a good reason for covering each bite. The plastic keeps pieces of food from travelling in the spaceship. On the earth very small pieces of food would simply fall to the floor. But gravity doesn' t pull them to the floor when they are out of the plastic in a spaceship. (78) They move here and there and can get into a man' s eyes or into the spaceship' s instruments. If any of the instruments is blocked, the astronauts may have trouble getting safely home.

As astronauts travel on longer space trips, he must take time to sleep. An astronaut can fit himself to his seat with a kind of seat belt. Or, if he wants to, he can sleep in a sleeping bag which is fixed in place under his seat. But be careful he must put his hands under the belt when he goes to sleep. This is because he is really afraid that he might touch one of controls that isn' t supposed to be touched until later.

Why would astronauts cover each bite of food in space？

A．Because small pieces of food would fall down to the floor.

B．Because weightless pieces of food might make trouble when they travel around.

C．Because they haven' t enough food for longer trips.

D．Because astronauts don' t want to waste food.

rrow, tile Beijing Youth Daily reported yesterday.

Born in the Chengdu Panda Breeding Base, the two, named Jiu Jiu and Hua Hua, will .spend the next 10 years in the United States. At a cost of $ 4 million, their new home is an exact copy of the natural environment where they lived in Chengdu, Sichuan Province in Southwest China. The panda house is also equipped with advanced facilities to study pandas in an all-around way, said the report. Visitors can view pandas in a separate room inside the

panda house, which is open to public every day.

As part of an international co operative plan to protect and study panda, the co-operation between Chengdu and Atlanta has finally come to an agreement after three years of discussion. And the research fund of $ 5 million raised by Atlanta's zoo has also contributed to the co-operation.

After a flight in a huge and comfortable case, Jiu Jiu and Hua Hua will be put under quarantine(隔离) for two weeks upon their arrival. And a welcome ceremony will be held for them in Atlanta on November 20, with ambassador(大使) Li, former U. S. President Carter and his wife, the Georgia governor and mayor of Atlanta.

Where is the two panda's original home？

A．Some mountains in Siehuan Province.

B．A certain base in the city of Chengdu.

C．The Atlantic Zoo in the United States.

D．A separate room inside the panda house.